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Object-Oriented Programming: Presented By: Sagar Gurung Sailesh Sanal

This document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming concepts including objects, classes, polymorphism, inheritance, abstraction, and encapsulation. It defines objects as entities that encapsulate both data and behavior. Classes are collections of objects and act as blueprints from which individual objects are created. Polymorphism allows the same code to work with different types of objects. Inheritance allows one object to acquire properties of a parent object. Abstraction and encapsulation protect the inner workings of a class through controlled access via public methods and private data.

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54 views10 pages

Object-Oriented Programming: Presented By: Sagar Gurung Sailesh Sanal

This document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming concepts including objects, classes, polymorphism, inheritance, abstraction, and encapsulation. It defines objects as entities that encapsulate both data and behavior. Classes are collections of objects and act as blueprints from which individual objects are created. Polymorphism allows the same code to work with different types of objects. Inheritance allows one object to acquire properties of a parent object. Abstraction and encapsulation protect the inner workings of a class through controlled access via public methods and private data.

Uploaded by

Sagar Gurung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object-Oriented

Programming
Presented By:
Sagar Gurung
Sailesh Sanal
Introduction To Object-Oriented
Programming
 Object means a real-world entity such as a pen, chair, table, computer,
watch, etc. Object-Oriented Programming is a methodology or paradigm
to design a program using classes and objects. It simplifies software
development and maintenance by providing some concepts:
• Object
• Class
• Polymorphism
• Inheritance
• Abstraction
• Encapsulation
An Example Of The Object-Oriented
Approach (Simulation)
 An Example Of The Object-Oriented Approach (Simulation)
Objects

 An entity that encapsulates data and behavior.


 data: variables inside the object
 behavior: methods inside the object

 You interact with the methods;


the data is hidden in the object.

 Constructing (creating) an object:


Type objectName = new Type(parameters);

 Calling an object's method:


objectName.methodName(parameters);
Class

 Collection of objects is called class. It is a logical entity.


 A class can also be defined as a blueprint from which you can create an individual
object. Class doesn't consume any space.
Polymorphism

 Ability for the same code to be used with different types of objects and
behave differently with each.

 System.out.println can print any type of object.


 Each one displays in its own way on the console.

 CritterMain can interact with any type of critter.


 Each one moves, fights, etc. in its own way.
Inheritance

 Inheritance in Java is a mechanism in which one object acquires all the


properties and behaviors of a parent object. It is an important part
of OOPs (Object Oriented programming system).
Abstract Class

 A hybrid between an interface and a class.


 defines a superclass type that can contain method declarations (like an interface) and/or method
bodies (like a class)
 like interfaces, abstract classes that cannot be instantiated
(cannot use new to create any objects of their type)
declaring an abstract class
public abstract class name {
...

// declaring an abstract method


// (any subclass must implement it)
public abstract type name(parameters);

}
Encapsulation/Information Hiding

Protects the inner-workings (data) of a class.


Only allow access to the core of an object in a controlled fashion (use the public parts to
access the private sections).
Typicallyit means public methods accessing private attributes via accessor and
mutator methods.
Controlled access to attributes: get data set data
Can (accessor (mutator
prevent invalid states
method) method)
Reduce runtime errors

public public public


method method method

private
data
Thank You

 Any Questions You can Ask Us.

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