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Lesson 2 Generalized Power Formulas

The document provides instructions on using the generalized power formula for integration by substitution. It defines integration by substitution as transforming complicated integrals into simpler forms using u-substitutions of the form u=g(x) and du=g'(x)dx. The generalized power formula is given as the integral of [f(u)]n du = [f(u)]n+1/(n+1) + C for n ≠ -1. Several examples are worked out applying this formula along with exercises for students to practice integration by substitution.

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omay12
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101 views

Lesson 2 Generalized Power Formulas

The document provides instructions on using the generalized power formula for integration by substitution. It defines integration by substitution as transforming complicated integrals into simpler forms using u-substitutions of the form u=g(x) and du=g'(x)dx. The generalized power formula is given as the integral of [f(u)]n du = [f(u)]n+1/(n+1) + C for n ≠ -1. Several examples are worked out applying this formula along with exercises for students to practice integration by substitution.

Uploaded by

omay12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON

ANTIDERIVATIVES
(INTEGRAL)
GENERALIZED POWER FORMULA
(Integration by Simple Substitution)
OBJECTIVES:
•identify an integrand that can be integrated using
simple substitution;
• perform integration using the generalized power
formula;
• relate integration by power formula to the
generalized integration formula; and
• consider and use the “introduction of
neutralizing/correction factor” as an alternative
technique of integration.
 
INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION
A technique called substitution, that can often be
used to transform complicated integration
problems into simpler ones.
The method of substitution can be motivated by
examining the chain rule from the viewpoint of
antidifferentiation. For this purpose, suppose that F
is an antiderivative of f and that g is a differentiable
function. The chain rule implies that the derivative
of F(g(x)) can be expressed as
d
 F ( g ( x))  F ' ( g ( x)) g ' ( x) which we can write in
dx
integral form as  F ' ( g ( x)) g ' ( x)dx  F ( g ( x))  C
Or since F is an antiderivative of f,
 f ( g ( x)) g ' ( x)dx  F ( g ( x))  C (1)

For our purposes it will be useful to let u=g(x) and to


write in the differential form .
Thus, du du  g ' ( x) dx
 g ' ( x. )
dx

 f (u )du  F (u )  C (2)

The process of evaluating an integral of the form (1) by converting it


into the form (2) with the substitution u  g ( x) and du  g ' ( x)dx is called
the method of u-substitution.

The generalized power formula therefore is:


 f (u )
n 1

  f (u) d  f (u) 
n
 C; n  1
n 1
EXAMPLE
1. Evaluate   x 2
 1  2 xdx
50

dx
 1 5
2. Evaluate 
 x  8
3 
dx
3. Evaluate  1  3x 2

 x  1dx
2
4. Evaluate x

3xdx
5. Evaluate  4x 2  5
6. Evaluate
5/ 2
 1  z 2 1 
  z 
z   2 dz
 z 
EXERCISES
Evaluate the integrals using appropriate substitution.
(Exercises from page 338-339)
  9
1. ( 4 x 3 ) dx
x2 1
2.  t 7 t 2
 12 dt 6.  3
dx
x  3x
6
3.   1  2 x 3
dx
7. 
t 1
dt
t
x3
4.  dx
 5 x  2   a  bx 
3 n
8. dx
x
5.  dx
4  5x2

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