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Chapter 1. Physics and Measurement

This document discusses key concepts in physics including measurement, standards of length, mass and time, the International System of Units (SI), dimensional analysis, conversion of units, scientific notation, and engineering notation. The SI defines fundamental units for seven base quantities including the meter (length), kilogram (mass), and second (time). Dimensional analysis ensures physical relationships are dimensionally consistent. Conversion between units and representation of numbers in scientific and engineering notation are also covered.

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Vincent Eucapor
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53 views24 pages

Chapter 1. Physics and Measurement

This document discusses key concepts in physics including measurement, standards of length, mass and time, the International System of Units (SI), dimensional analysis, conversion of units, scientific notation, and engineering notation. The SI defines fundamental units for seven base quantities including the meter (length), kilogram (mass), and second (time). Dimensional analysis ensures physical relationships are dimensionally consistent. Conversion between units and representation of numbers in scientific and engineering notation are also covered.

Uploaded by

Vincent Eucapor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics and

Measurement
Marvin B. Columbino
Like all other sciences, physics
is based on experimental
observations and quantitative
measurements
Each measurement is
associated with a physical
quantity
Standards of Length,
Mass and Time

In mechanics, the three fundamental


quantities are length, mass, and time.
Standards of Length,
Mass and Time

Standard must be defined to


reproduce results of measurement
Système International

Set of standards for the fundamental


quantities of science.
Système International
Physical Quantity Fundamental Unit
• Length • meter
• Mass • kilogram
• Time • second
• Temperature • kelvin
• Electric current • ampere
• Luminous Intensity • candela
• Amount of substance • mole
Length

 distance between two points in space


 the distance traveled by light in vacuum
during a time of 1/299 792 458 second
Mass

 the amount of matter in an object


 the mass of a specific platinum–iridium alloy
cylinder kept at the International Bureau of
Weights and Measures at Sèvres, France
Time

 interval over which change occurs


 9 192 631 770 times the period of vibration
of radiation from the cesium-133 atom
Matter and
Model Building

 matter can be sliced and still retain their


chemical identity
 atomos means “not sliceable
Matter and
Model Building
identify a system of physical components for
the problem and make predictions of the
behavior of the system based on the
interactions among its components or the
interaction between the system and its
surrounding environment
Dimensional Analysis

 dimension denotes the physical nature of a


quantity
 Any relationship can be correct only if the
dimensions on both sides of the equation
are the same
Dimensional Analysis

Example:
If area is equal to length multiplied by length,
what is the area if the given are speed, in
length per time, and time in one direction,
and the distance traveled in length on
another direction.
Dimensional Analysis

•Solution:
 

Given:
Dimensional Analysis

•Using
  dimensional analysis:
Conversion of Units

Sometimes it is necessary to convert units


from one measurement system to another or
convert within a system (for example, from
kilometers to meters).
Conversion of Units

Example:
On an interstate highway in a rural region of
Wyoming, a car is traveling at a speed of 38.0
m/s. Is the driver exceeding the speed limit of
75.0 mi/h? (1mile = 1609meters, 1min = 60s,
1hr = 60min)
Scientific Notation

Used to express very large number or very


small number in a number between 1 and 10
multiplied by power of ten.
Scientific Notation

•Example:
 
Powers of Ten
Engineering Notation

Similar with scientific notation but between 1


and 1000 and is concerned with power of ten
that is multiple of three and uses prefixes for
power of ten.
Engineering Notation

•Example:
 
Thank you!
Any question?

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