Fermi Function

1/ 2
 N D  N A   N D  N A  
2

n      ni 
2

 2   2  
1/ 2
 N A  N D   N A  N D  
2

p      ni 
2

 2   2  

J p|drift  q  p  Vdp J n|drift  q  n  Vdn    q n  n  p   p 

R 
J p|drift  q  p   p E J n|drift  q  n   n E A 1 1
 
 q n  n  p   p 
dp dn
Jp | diff   q  Dp  Jn | diff  q  Dn 
dx dx

1 dEc 1 dEi 1 dEv 1

E  field    V   Ec  EREF 
q dx q dx q dx q
dV
E  field  
dx

Dn kT Dp kT
 
n q p q

p
t
 
p
P
d p n
dt
 Dp 
d 2 pn pn
dx 2

p
 Gˆ p  Rˆ p   Lp  D p p

n
t
 
n
n
dn p
dt
 Dn 
d 2 n p
dx 2

n p
n

 Gˆ n  Rˆ n  Ln  Dn n
 KT  N D N A 
Vbi   FN   FP   ln  2

q n
 i 
p-side n-side
qNa qNd
 ( x)   (x  xp )  ( x)   ( xn  x )
s s

qNa qNd
V ( x)   ( x)  ( x  x p )2 V ( x)   ( x)  Vbi  Va   ( xn  x ) 2
2 s 2 s

 2 Nd  Vbi  Va    2 Na  Vbi  Va  
1/ 2 1/ 2

xp   s   xn   s  
 q Na  ( Na  Nd )   q Nd  ( Na  Nd ) 

 2 ( Na  Nd )  Vbi  Va  
1/ 2

W  xn  x p   s  
 q Nd  Na 

 Dp 

C' s 2
( F / cm ) JTOT  q pno 
Dn

n po   e qVa / KT  1 
W  Lp Ln 

n-type p-type

M >  S rectifying ohmic

M <  S ohmic rectifying

Mode of Operation P-type N-type

Accumulation Vg < 0 fS < 0 Vg > 0 fS > 0

Depletion VTN > Vg > 0 2fF > f S > 0 VTP < Vg < 0 2 fF < f S < 0

Onset of Inversion VTN = Vg 2 fF = f S VTP = Vg 2 fF = f S

Inversion VTN < Vg 2 fF < f S VTP > Vg 2 fF > f S

1
qN AW (S )
 2  2 Vg   S  p  type
W  W (S )   Si S  p  type Cox
 qN A  qN DW (S )
Vg   S  n  type
Cox
1
 2  2
W  W (S )   Si S  n  type
 qN D 

1/ 2 Inversion and Accumulation C 'MOS C  Cox

 2 
W  WT   Si 2F  p  type
Depletion
 qN A 
1/ 2
 2   1 1 
1
 Si
W  WT   Si 2F  n  type C 'MOS C     C DEP 
 Cox C DEP W (S )
 qN D  

Cutoff: Vgs < VTN

ON: Vgs > VTN
ID 
W
L

 nCox Vgs  VTN Vds  12 Vds 2 
Linear: Vds < Vgs-VTN
Saturation: Vds > Vgs-VTN