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    Basics of The Heart: Katee Beaudry MS 2 - Penn State University College of Medicine

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    Alkhnsa Caif
    The document provides an overview of heart anatomy and physiology. It describes the flow of blood through the heart, including deoxygenated blood entering the right atrium and exiting into the pulmonary circulation before returning as oxygenated blood to the left atrium. It also outlines the heart valves and sounds, and defines systolic and diastolic murmurs that can occur if the valves are leaky.

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    Basics of The Heart: Katee Beaudry MS 2 - Penn State University College of Medicine

    Uploaded by

    Alkhnsa Caif
    23 views24 pages
    The document provides an overview of heart anatomy and physiology. It describes the flow of blood through the heart, including deoxygenated blood entering the right atrium and exiting into the pulmonary circulation before returning as oxygenated blood to the left atrium. It also outlines the heart valves and sounds, and defines systolic and diastolic murmurs that can occur if the valves are leaky.

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    20080917-BASICS_OF_THE_HEART

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    The document provides an overview of heart anatomy and physiology. It describes the flow of blood through the heart, including deoxygenated blood entering the right atrium and exiting into the pulmonary circulation before returning as oxygenated blood to the left atrium. It also outlines the heart valves and sounds, and defines systolic and diastolic murmurs that can occur if the valves are leaky.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    23 views24 pages

    Basics of The Heart: Katee Beaudry MS 2 - Penn State University College of Medicine

    Uploaded by

    Alkhnsa Caif
    The document provides an overview of heart anatomy and physiology. It describes the flow of blood through the heart, including deoxygenated blood entering the right atrium and exiting into the pulmonary circulation before returning as oxygenated blood to the left atrium. It also outlines the heart valves and sounds, and defines systolic and diastolic murmurs that can occur if the valves are leaky.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    BASICS OF THE HEART

    Katee Beaudry
    MS 2 – Penn State University College of
    Medicine
    [email protected]
    Learning Objectives
     To understand the basic anatomy of
    the heart.
     To understand blood flow through the
    heart and lungs.
     To understand the basic physiology of
    the heart.
     To understand the basics of heart
    murmurs.
    Vocabulary
     Oxygenated blood – blood that has a lot of
    oxygen in it.
     Deoxygenated blood – blood that does not
    have a lot of oxygen in it.
     Systole – contraction
     Diastole – relaxation
     Arteries – carry oxygenated blood to
    tissues
     Veins – carry deoxygenated blood from
    tissues
     EXCEPTION – the pulmonary circulation
    HEART ANATOMY
    Right Atrium
     Blood from the upper extremities and head
    empties into the right atrium through the
    Superior Vena Cava (SVC).
     Blood from the lower extremities and
    abdomen empties into the right atrium
    through the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC).
     Blood passes through the tricuspid valve to
    enter the right ventricle.
    Right Ventricle
     Blood enters the right ventricle
    through the tricuspid valve.
     Blood leaves the right ventricle
    through the pulmonary semi-lunar
    valve and enters the pulmonary trunk
    Pulmonary Circulation
     The pulmonary trunk splits into the
    left and right pulmonary arteries.
     These carry deoxygenated blood to
    the lungs.
     The blood then passes through
    pulmonary capillaries, where the
    blood is oxygenated.
     Oxygenated blood is carried back to
    the heart by 4 pulmonary veins.
    Left Atrium
     Oxygenated blood from the lungs
    enters the left ventricle via the
    pulmonary veins.
     Blood passes through the bicuspid
    valve and enters the left ventricle.
    Left Ventricle
     Once oxygenated blood passes
    through the bicuspid valve it enters
    the left ventricle.
     Oxygenated blood leaves the left
    ventricle through the aortic semi-
    lunar valve and enters the aorta.
     The aorta takes oxygenated blood to
    the rest of the body.
    Blood Flow Review
     SVC and IVC to right atrium.
     Tricuspid valve
     Right ventricle
     Pulmonary semi-lunar valve
     Pulmonary Trunk
     Pulmonary arteries
     Pulmonary capillaries
     Pulmonary veins
     Left atrium
     Bicuspid valve
     Left ventricle
     Aortic semi-lunar valve
     Aorta
    Heart Wall and Pericardium
    HEART WALL PERICARDIUM
     Endocardium – in  Sac surrounding
    contact with blood the heart.
     Myocardium –  Visceral (on the
    heart muscle heart) and parietal
    (cardiac muscle) layers
     Epicardium – most  Secretes
    outer layer pericardial fluid to
    lubricate the heart.
    Septa
     Septa separate the right and left
    sides of the heart to make sure that
    oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
    do not mix.
     Atrial Septum – separates the right
    and left atria (contains the fossa
    ovalis).
     Ventricular Septum – separates the
    right and left ventricles.
    Heart Valves
     Review:
     Tricuspid valve – between the right
    atrium and right ventricle.
     Pulmonary semi-lunar valve – between
    the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.
     Bicuspid valve – between the left atrium
    and left ventricle.
     Aortic semi-lunar valve – between the
    left ventricle and aorta
    Function of Heart Valves
     Valves prevent the backflow of blood
    in the heart.
     The AV valves prevent blood from
    moving from the ventricles back into
    the atria.
     The semi-lunar valves prevent blood
    from moving from arteries (aorta and
    pulmonary trunk) back into the
    ventricle.
    1st Heart Sound
     1st Heart Sound – referred to as “Lubb”
     This sound occurs during ventricular systole
    (contraction).
     The ventricles contract (generating pressure in
    the ventricles), which pushes open the semi-
    lunar valves.
     When the ventricles contract, the AV (tricuspid
    and bicuspid) valves close due to the increased
    pressure in the ventricles as opposed to the
    atria.
     The closing of the AV valves results in blood
    hitting them, causing the first heart sound.
    2nd Heart Sound
     2nd Heart Sound – referred to as “Dupp”
     This sound occurs during ventricular diastole
    (relaxation).
     When the ventricles relax, the pressure in the
    arteries is greater than that in the ventricles,
    and the semi-lunar valves close.
     When the semi-lunar valves close, blood hits
    them causing the characteristic “Dupp” sound.
    Murmurs
     Murmurs are “extra” heart sounds
    heard.
     They are due to insufficiencies in the
    heart valves causing leakage of
    blood.
     There are two types of murmurs:
     Sysolic murmurs
     Diastolic murmurs
    Systolic Murmurs
     These murmurs occur during
    ventricular contraction.
     The AV (tricuspid or bicuspid) valves
    are leaky and SOME blood flows
    backward, from the ventricles to the
    atria.
     Lubb swooooosh Dupp
    Diastolic Murmurs
     These “extra” heart sounds occur
    during ventricular relaxation.
     The semi-lunar valves are leaky and
    allow SOME blood to flow backwards,
    from the artery (aorta or pulmonary
    trunk) back into the ventricle.
     Lubb Dupp Swooooooosh
    Cardiac Physiology
     The job of the heart is to move blood
    through the body.
     Moves deoxygenated blood to the
    lungs to pick up oxygen and pushes
    oxygenated blood to the rest of the
    body tissues.
    Cardiac Pathology
     If there is a problem involving blood flow
    through the heart, less oxygen will get to
    the tissues that desperately need it.
     The cardiovascular system will respond by
    increasing the pulse, blood pressure,
    respiratory rate, etc.
     The individual will feel tired, have a lack of
    energy and will be short of breath with
    minimal exertion.
    Clinical Pearl!
     How to listen to
    someones heart….
     All People Take Money
     A – aortic semi-lunar
    valve
     P – Pulmonic semi-
    lunar valve
     T – tricuspid valve
     M – mitral (bicuspid)
    valve
    So, How Well Do You Know the
    Heart?
     What artery carries deoxygenated
    blood?
     What structures separate the right
    and left sides of the heart?
     When blood leaves the right side of
    the heart, where does it go?
     What causes a heart murmur?
     What does a systolic murmur sound
    like?
    References
     Lilly, L.S. Pathophysiology of heart
    disease. Lippincott Williams & Wolters
    Kluwer Business, 2007. P.39-43.
     Martini, F.H. Fundamentals of
    anatomy and physiology. Pearson
    Benjamin Cummings. 2004. P. 682-
    716.

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