DEPARTMENT OF FOOD ENGINEERING

NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Course Title : Mechanics Of Materials

Course Code : MM-205
Year: S.E

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Lecture 1 a

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BOOKS

• Text book : Mechanics of Materials

6th Edition
Beer & Johnston

• Reference Book : Mechanics of Materials

8th Edition
R.C Hibbeler

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Instructions
• As this is recorded lecture so I must inculcate everyone to listen to the
lecture carefully
• You can make a note of queries if any for the live session and can also
drop me an email before the live session
• Quizzes and Assignments tentative dates along with the marks
distribution is mentioned in course plan , apart from that be ready for
surprise assessment at any time during our live session
• Attendance is mandatory for the live session and it will be
automatically recorded , so make sure to attend it
• Course plan is uploaded on Google class room
• Feel free to contact : Email: [email protected]

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Course Contents
WEEK TOPICS List of Material to be Assignment/Quiz
No. Uploaded Plan
CHAPTER 1: Introduction-Concept of Stress Video Lecture ,  
Static Stresses in the Members of a Structure, Analysis and Practice Problems
Design, Axial Loading; Normal, Shear & Bearing Stresses,
 
 
 1 Analysis and Design of Simple Structure, Method of Problem  
Solution, Stress on an Oblique Plane
 
CHAPTER 2: Stress and Strain—Axial Loading: Video Lecture,  
Normal Strain under Axial Loading, Stress Strain Diagram Practice Problems  
True Stress and True Strain, Hooks Law, Elastic Versus Plastic
Behavior of a Material, Fatigue, Deformation of members  
 2 under Axial Loading, Statically Inderminant, Problem Involving Quiz #1
temperature changes, Poisson’s Ratio, Multiaxial Loading;
Hooke’s Law ,Dilatation; Bulk Modulus, ,Stress and Strain
Distribution Under Axial Loading; Saint-Venant’s Principle
CHAPTER 3: Torsion Video Lecture,   
 3 Torsion of circular shafts, coiled helical spring, strain energy in Practice Problems Assignment # 1
shear and torsion of thin walled tubes, torsion of non-circular
sections
CHAPTER 4: Pure Bending Video Lecture,  
Symmetric Member in Pure, Bending Deformations in a Practice Problems  
Symmetric, Member in Pure Bending, Stresses and
 4  
Deformations in the Elastic Range, Deformations in a
Transverse Cross Section  

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Course Contents
5  CHAPTER 5: Analysis and Design of Beams for Video Lecture,  
Bending Practice Problems
Shear force and bending moment diagrams;
Relationship between loading, shear force and
bending moment
 6 CHAPTER 6 : Transformation of Stress & Strain Video Lecture  
Transformation of Plane Stress, Principal Practice Problems  
Stresses; Maximum Shearing Stress, Mohr’s
Circle for Plane Stress, Application of Mohr’s  
Circle to the Three-Dimensional Analysis of  
Stress, Yield Criteria for Ductile, Materials under  
Plane Stress  
 7 CHAPTER 6 : Transformation of Stress & Strain Video Lecture,  
Fracture Criteria for Brittle Materials under Practice Problems Assignment # 2
Plane Stress, Stresses in Thin-Walled Pressure
Vessels, Transformation of Plane Strain, Mohr’s
Circle for Plane Strain
 8 MID TERM

9 CHAPTER 7: Columns Video Lecture  

Stability of Structures, Euler’s Formula for Pin- Practice Problems
Ended Columns, Extension of Euler’s Formula to
Columns with Other End Conditions, Eccentric
Loading;
10  CHAPTER 7: Columns Video Lecture,  
Secant Formula, Design of Columns under a Practice Problems Assignment # 3
Centric Load

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Sessional Criteria

Assessment Type Marks Schedule (Week No.)

Quiz # 1 5 2nd
Assignment # 1 5 3rd
Assignment # 2 5 7th
Assignment # 3 5 9th
Mid Term 20 8th
Total Sessional Marks 40

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 Third Edition

CHAPTER MECHANICS OF

1 MATERIALS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
John T. DeWolf

Lecture Notes:
Introduction –
Concept of Stress
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University

© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Contents

Concept of Stress Bearing Stress in Connections

Review of Statics Stress Analysis & Design Example
Structure Free-Body Diagram Rod & Boom Normal Stresses
Component Free-Body Diagram Pin Shearing Stresses
Method of Joints Pin Bearing Stresses
Stress Analysis Stress in Two Force Members
Design Stress on an Oblique Plane
Axial Loading: Normal Stress Maximum Stresses
Centric & Eccentric Loading Stress Under General Loadings
Shearing Stress State of Stress
Shearing Stress Examples Factor of Safety

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Concept of Stress

• The main objective of the study of mechanics

of materials is to provide the future engineer
with the means of analyzing and designing
various machines and load bearing structures.

• Both the analysis and design of a given

structure involve the determination of stresses
and deformations. This chapter is devoted to
the concept of stress.

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Review of Statics

• The structure is designed to

support a 30 kN load
• The structure consists of a
boom and rod joined by pins
(zero moment connections) at
the junctions and supports
• Perform a static analysis to
determine the internal force in
each structural member and the
reaction forces at the supports

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Structure Free-Body Diagram
• Structure is detached from supports and
the loads and reaction forces are
• indicated
Conditions for static equilibrium:
 M C  0  Ax  0.6 m    30 kN  0.8 m 
Ax  40 kN
 Fx  0 Ax  C x
C x   Ax  40 kN
 Fy  0  Ay  C y  30 kN  0
Ay  C y  30 kN

• Ay and Cy can not be determined from

these equations

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Component Free-Body Diagram
• In addition to the complete structure, each
component must satisfy the conditions for
static equilibrium
• Consider a free-body diagram for the boom:
 M B  0   Ay  0.8 m 
Ay  0
substitute into the structure equilibrium
equation
C y  30 kN

• Results:
A  40 kN  C x  40 kN  C y  30 kN 

Reaction forces are directed along boom

and rod

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Method of Joints
• The boom and rod are 2-force members, i.e.,
the members are subjected to only two forces
which are applied at member ends

• For equilibrium, the forces must be parallel to

to an axis between the force application points,
equal in magnitude, and in opposite directions

• Joints must satisfy the conditions for static

equilibrium which may be expressed in the
form of a force triangle:

 B 0
F
FAB FBC 30 kN
 
4 5 3
FAB  40 kN FBC  50 kN

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Stress Analysis
Can the structure safely support the 30 kN
load?
• From a statics analysis
FAB = 40 kN (compression)
FBC = 50 kN (tension)

• At any section through member BC, the

internal force is 50 kN with a force intensity
or stress of
dBC = 20 mm P 50  103 N
 BC    159 MPa
A 314 10-6 m 2

• From the material properties for steel, the

allowable stress is
 all  165 MPa
• Conclusion: the strength of member BC is
adequate

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Design
• Design of new structures requires selection of
appropriate materials and component dimensions
to meet performance requirements
• For reasons based on cost, weight, availability,
etc., the choice is made to construct the rod from
aluminum ( s all= 100 MPa). What is an
appropriate choice for the rod diameter?
P P 50  103 N
 all  A   500 10 6 m 2
A  all 100 106 Pa
d2
A
4

d
4A


4 500  10 6 m 2 
 2.52 10 2 m  25.2 mm
 

• An aluminum rod 26 mm or more in diameter is

adequate
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Axial Loading: Normal Stress

Rod BC of the example considered in

the preceding slides is a two-force
member and, therefore, the forces FBC
and F’BC acting on its ends B and C are
directed along the axis of the rod. We
say that the rod is under axial loading.

The section we passed through the rod

to determine the internal force in the
rod and the corresponding stress was
perpendicular to the axis of the rod, the
internal force was therefore normal to
the plane of the section

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Axial Loading: Normal Stress

• The resultant of the internal forces for an axially

loaded member is normal to a section cut
perpendicular to the member axis.

• The force intensity on that section is defined as

the normal stress.

F P
  lim  ave 
A0 A A

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Axial Loading: Normal Stress

• The normal stress at a particular point may not be

equal to the average stress but the resultant of the
stress distribution must satisfy

P   ave A   dF    dA
A

• The detailed distribution of stress is statically

indeterminate, i.e., can not be found from statics
alone.

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Example Of Axial Loading

An actual example of structural members under axial

loading is provided by the members of the bridge
truss shown
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Centric Loading

• A uniform distribution of stress in a section

infers that the line of action for the resultant of
the internal forces passes through the centroid
of the section.

• A uniform distribution of stress is only

possible if the concentrated loads on the end
sections of two-force members are applied at
the section centroids. This is referred to as
centric loading.

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Eccentric Loading

• If a two-force member is eccentrically

loaded, then the resultant of the stress
distribution in a section must yield an axial
force and a moment.

• The stress distributions in eccentrically loaded

members cannot be uniform or symmetric.

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Shearing Stress
• Forces P and P’ are applied transversely to the
member AB.
• Corresponding internal forces act in the plane
of section C and are called shearing forces.
• The resultant of the internal shear force
distribution is defined as the shear of the section
and is equal to the load P.
• The corresponding average shear stress is,
P
 ave 
A
• Shear stress distribution varies from zero at the
member surfaces to maximum values that may be
much larger than the average value.
• The shear stress distribution cannot be assumed to
be uniform.
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Shearing Stress Examples

Single Shear

P F
 ave  
A A

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Shearing Stress Examples
Double Shear

P F
 ave  
A 2A

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Shearing Stress Examples

Cutaway view of a connection with a

bolt in shear.

Shearing stresses are commonly found in bolts, pins, and rivets

used to connect various structural members and machine
components

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