LIGHT
We all are familiar with light and its importance.
Light is such an important source that without it all colourful things
would have been black for us.
We can define Light as follwing ways :-
Light is a form of energy that enable us to see around us.
Light is an Electromagnetic wave that can travel through any medium as
well as through vaccum.
Light has dual nature – Particle as well as wave nature.
Some Phenomenon of Light was explained by light as Particle nature
and other as wave nature.
Light travels alongs straight line in medium or in vaccum. The path of
light changes only when there is an object in its path or where the
medium changes.
Terminology involved in case of reflection
1. Incident Ray :- It is the ray that strikes the surface.
2. Point of Incidence :- It is the point at which the incident ray
strikes the surface.
3. Reflected Ray :- The ray that bounces back on striking the surface.
4. Normal Ray :- It is the perpendicular line drawn to the surface at
point of incidence.
5. Angle of Incidence :- It is the angle between the incident ray and
the normal ray.
6. Angle of Reflection :- It is the angle between the reflected ray and
normal ray.
7. Plane of Reflection :- Those Plane where incident ray, reflected ray
and normal ray lies.
Diagram :-
Laws of Reflection :-
1st law of reflection :- Incident ray, reflected
ray and normal ray all lie on same plane.
2nd law of reflection :- Angle of incidence is
always equal to the angle of reflection.
Types of Mirror
Mirrors shows the phenomenon of reflection. So,
depending upon the type of reflecting surface of
mirrors, we have two type of mirrors :-
1. Plane mirror
2. Spherical mirror – Concave and Convex mirror.
Plane Mirror :- Plane mirror are those that have
plane reflecting surface.
Spherical Mirror :- Spherical mirror are other types
of mirror that have a curved reflecting surface.
Properties of Image formed by Plane
Mirror
1. A plane mirror forms a virtual image
2. The image formed by plane mirror is erect.
3. The image is laterally inverted. It means that in the
image formed by plane mirror, the left and right
sides are reversed.
4. Size of object = Size of image
5. Distance of object from plane mirror = Distance of
Image from plane mirror
6. Speed of image = speed of object.
Lateral Inversion
It is the phenomenon of left side appearing right side
and right side appearing left side on reflection in a
plane mirror.
Examples :-
1. The word AMBULANCE is painted left-right inverted
on the ambulance so that when the driver of vehicle
in front looks into his rear-view mirror, he can make
out the word AMBULANCE quickly and give way.
In optics, an image is defined as the collection of
focus points of light rays coming from an object.
Real Image Virtual Image
1. It is formed by the actual 1. It is formed when the
intersection of light rays. light rays appear to be
originating from a point
but not actually meet.
2. It is always inverted.
2. It is always erect.
3. Real image can be
obtained on the screen. 3. Virtual image cannot be
formed on the screen.
4. It is formed due to actual
intersection of light rays. 4. It is formed due to
imaginary intersection of
light rays.
