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F Stat and One Way ANOVA

The document discusses analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the F-test. It provides steps to conduct a one-way ANOVA: [1] State the null and alternative hypotheses; [2] Calculate the sum of squares total, between, and within; [3] Find the variance estimates; [4] Calculate the F-ratio; [5] Compare the F-ratio to the critical value to determine if there is a significant difference. An example applies these steps to compare the performance increase of students under three teaching strategies, finding no significant difference at the 1% level.

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160 views22 pages

F Stat and One Way ANOVA

The document discusses analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the F-test. It provides steps to conduct a one-way ANOVA: [1] State the null and alternative hypotheses; [2] Calculate the sum of squares total, between, and within; [3] Find the variance estimates; [4] Calculate the F-ratio; [5] Compare the F-ratio to the critical value to determine if there is a significant difference. An example applies these steps to compare the performance increase of students under three teaching strategies, finding no significant difference at the 1% level.

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Lesson 3

F-Statistic
The statistic which measures if the means of different
samples are significantly different or not is called the F-Ratio.
Lower the F-Ratio, more similar are the sample means. In that
case, we cannot reject the null hypothesis.

 
 
Unlike the z and t-distributions, the F-distribution does
not have any negative values because between and
within-group variability are always positive due to
squaring each deviation.
Lesson 4

One-Way ANOVA
Analysis of variance
(ANOVA) is a statistical
technique that is used to
check if the means of two
or more groups are
significantly different from
each other. ANOVA checks
the impact of one or more
factors by comparing the
means of different
samples.
The application of ANOVA requires three basic assumptions.
These are the following:
1. Various groups of measurements are assumed to be obtained from
a population with normal distribution.
2. Each group is randomly selected and independent from all other
groups.
3. The variables from each group come from distributions with
approximately the same standard deviation.
The solution and formulas for the one-way analysis of variance are
as follows:
Step 1. Determine the null hypothesis and Alternative hypothesis
Step 2. Find Sum of squares total (SSTOT)
Step 3. Find Sum of squares between (SSBET)
Step 4. Find Sum of squares within (SSw)
Step 5. Find Variance Estimate (Mean Square)
Step 6. Find the F ratio and complete the ANOVA test.
Summary table for the One-Factor ANOVA

Sources of Sum of Degrees of Mean Computed Tabular


Decision Interpretation
Variation Squares Freedom Squares F F (ơ)

Between           (Accepted
Ho, (Significant, not
Within           Reject significant)
Ho)
Strategy Strategy Strategy
Three different teaching Responde
nt No. 1 2 3
strategies were tried and 1 4.4 3.1 2.9
2 4.0 2.9 2.7
compared on a sample of three 3 3.5 3.7 3.1
groups of 9 students to find out if 4 5.2 3.8 3.5
they increase the performance of 5 4.7 4.1 3.4
6 2.6 3.0 3.4
the subjects. The data is 7 4.2 3.9 2.8
reflected in the given table. 8 3.7 3.2 3.5
9 3.5 3.0 3.3

Determine if there is no significant difference in the average increase in


performance among the three groups of students using the three different teaching
strategies at 0.01 level.
STEP 1
Determine the null hypothesis and Alternative hypothesis
Ho: There is no significant difference in the average increase in
performance among the three groups of students using the three
teaching strategies.
Ha: There is a significant difference in the mean increase in
performance among the three groups of students.
Responde Strategy Strategy Strategy A2 B2 C2
nt No. 1 2 3
1 4.4 3.1 2.9 19.36 9.61 8.41
2 4.0 2.9 2.7 16.00 8.41 7.29
3 3.5 3.7 3.1 12.25 13.69 9.61
4 5.2 3.8 3.5 27.04 14.44 12.25
5 4.7 4.1 3.4 22.09 16.81 11.56
6 2.6 3.0 3.4 6.76 9.00 11.56
7 4.2 3.9 2.8 17.64 15.21 7.84
8 3.7 3.2 3.5 13.69 10.24 12.25
9 3.5 3.0 3.3 12.25 9.00 10.89
n=9
Responde Strategy Strategy Strategy A2 B2 C2
nt No. 1 2 3

n=9

N = 9+9+9 = 27  

 
STEP 2 Find Sum of squares total (SSTOT)

(SSTOT)

(SSTOT)
STEP 3 Find Sum of squares between (SSBET)

 
STEP 4 Find Sum of squares within (SSW)

 
STEP 5 Find Variance Estimate (Mean Square)

 
where k is the number of groups
 
and n is the total sample size

 
STEP 5 Find Variance Estimate (Mean Square)

 
STEP 6
Find the F ratio and complete the
ANOVA test.
 

Critical value: At 1% level of significance, with 2 degree


and 24 degree of freedom, the critical value is 5.61 (refer to F
– distribution table).
 
Summary table for the One-Way ANOVA of the Average Increase in
Performance of the Three Groups of Students

Sources of Sum of Degrees of Mean Computed Tabular


Decision Interpretation
Variation Squares Freedom Squares F F (ơ)

Between  3.05  2  1.52


5.12 5.61 Accept Ho Not significant
Within  7.14  24 0.298 

Interpretation: Since the computed F value of 5.12 is less than the tabular value
of 5.61, the null hypothesis is accepted. This implies that the average increase in
the students’ performance using the three teaching strategies is just the same at
1% level of significance.
http://faculty.washington.edu/heagerty/Books/Biostatisti
cs/TABLES/F-Tables/

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