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Communication Signals and Systems Design: Ii/Iv - B.Tech, Odd Semester

This document discusses the objectives and content of the Communication Signals and Systems Design course. The course covers topics such as [1] analog signals and systems including signal classification, operations, and system properties; [2] signal transformations like Laplace, Fourier, and Z-transforms; [3] analog to digital conversion including sampling and quantization; and [4] system design and analysis using tools like ARMA modeling and DFT/DTFT. The overall aim is to analyze various physical signals and communication systems.

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karthik
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99 views31 pages

Communication Signals and Systems Design: Ii/Iv - B.Tech, Odd Semester

This document discusses the objectives and content of the Communication Signals and Systems Design course. The course covers topics such as [1] analog signals and systems including signal classification, operations, and system properties; [2] signal transformations like Laplace, Fourier, and Z-transforms; [3] analog to digital conversion including sampling and quantization; and [4] system design and analysis using tools like ARMA modeling and DFT/DTFT. The overall aim is to analyze various physical signals and communication systems.

Uploaded by

karthik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMMUNICATION SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS DESIGN

II/IV - B.TECH, ODD SEMESTER


Course Code: 19EC2104
L–T–P-S : 3-1-0-0
Pre-requisite: NIL
Credits: 3
CO-1: Basics of Analog Signals and Systems: World view of signals,
Classification of signals, Mathematical representation of classifications,
Basic signals, Operations on signals, Build complex signals from basic
signals, Correlation. Introduction to Systems concept, Properties of
systems, LTI system, impulse response, convolution, Properties of LTI
system. (10 hours)

CO-2: Signal Transformations and Translations: Laplace Integral, LT of


basic signals, Inverse Transfer function, Transfer function of LTI system,
ROC. Fourier Integral, FT of basic signals, from F.S to F.T, Properties of FT,
Frequency translation, Dirichlet conditions, Parseval’s theorem,
Frequency response. Power spectrum-Graph. Hilbert integral,
applications. Weiner-Khinchin Theorem. (10 hours)
CO-3: Analog to Discrete World: Basics of Sampling-Graphical,
Nyquist-Shannon Theorem, Graphical proof for band limited signals,
Band pass sampling, Reconstruction of signal from its samples, effect
of under sampling – Aliasing, Quantization and Quantization error. Z-
Transform and its ROC, Inverse Z-Transform, Properties.
(10 hours)

CO-4: Systems Design and Analysis: ARMA model, Poles & Zeros,
Stability. DTFT, Analysis and synthesis, Differences between FT, DTFT,
DFT -Graphically. DTFT of standard sequences. DFT of standard
sequences-Graph, magnitude and phase spectrum, Properties.
(10 hours)
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Signals, Systems, and Transforms, Phillips, Parr and Riskin, Fourth Edition,
Pearson Education, 2008.
2. Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modelling, Monson H. Hayes, 2009.
3. Signals, Systems & Communications - B.P. Lathi, BS Publications, 2003.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Signals and Systems - A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S.H. Nawab, PHI,
2nd Edn.
2. Signals & Systems - Simon Haykin and Van Veen, Wiley, 2nd Edition.
3. Fundamentals of Signals and Systems- Michel J. Robert, MGH International
Edition, 2008.
Objectives of the course

1. SIGNALS – TYPES, MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION, MANIPULATION,


AND ANALYSIS OF A SIGNAL FOR A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM.

2. SYSTEMS – THE PURPOSE OF DESIGNING SYSTEMS, TYPES,


MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION, AND TOOLS AVAILABLE FOR THE
ANALYSIS OF A SYSTEM.
Course Rationale
• In the real time scenario we buried in a large number of signals like
chirping sounds of birds, noises made by machines, Cosmic radiation
from Outer space, Microwave radiation emits from cellular towers &
mobile and many more and more.
• In such a contest the basic aim of this course is to make awareness of
several physical signals and systems surrounding us
• This course helps to analyze any form of signal and any type of system
to explore the questions like what is in it? How does it work? Why
does it behave like that?
• Academically, this course is the prerequisite of many courses related
to Communications, Signal Processing, IOT, Embedded Processing etc.
Consultation Hours: On all working days during break times at R-block, 1 st Floor, R102, A10

E-Mail: [email protected]
What is a ‘Signal’?
A Signal is defined as a physical quantity that varies with
respect to time, space or any other independent variable.
Examples:
• Speech (telephony, radio, everyday communication)
• Biomedical signals (ECG, EEG brain signals).
• Sound and music.
• Video and image.
• Radar signals
• Temperature, Speed of a vehicle etc.
System: A System is defined as a physical device that operates on a signal.
Example of Communication System:
• Generation of Signal
• Processing the signal at the transmitting end
• Transformation of Energy at the end of transmitter chain
• Propagation through the channel
• Received signal at the receiver
• Information extraction at the receiver end
2
2

0
0

-2 -2
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
(a). ECG with PLI (a). ECG with BW
2 2

0 0

-2 -2
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
(b). Filtered ECG (b). Filtered ECG

2 2

0
0

-2
-2 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 (c). Extracted BW Noise
(c). Extracted PLI
2
2
0
0
-2
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 -2
(a). ECG with Muscle Artifacts 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
(a). ECG with Electrode Motion Artifacts
2
2

0
0

-2
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 -2
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
(b). Filtered ECG (b). Filtered ECG
2 2

0 0

-2 -2
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
(c). Extracted Muscle Artifacts (c). Extracted Electrode Motion Artifacts
1D signal: Signal is a function of single variable, Ex: f(t)

2D signal: Signal is a function of TWO variable, Ex: f(x,y)

3D signal: Signal is a function of THREE variable, Ex: f(x,y,z)


Signal processing?
Signals are carriers of some information
Useful and unwanted
Extracting, enhancing, storing and transmitting the useful
information.
Continuous time signals & Discrete time signals
• A continuous time signal is defined as a mathematical continuous
function. This function is defined continuously in the time domain.
Here time is the independent variable, represented as x(t)
• A discrete time signal is defined only some certain time intervals.
Here the independent variable is certain time instants, represented as
x(n)
Analog, Discrete, Digital Signals:
Classification of signals:
• Deterministic and Random Signals
Deterministic signals are those which can be completely specified in
time. The pattern of these type of signals is regular and can be
characterized mathematically. Also, the nature and amplitude of such a
signal at any time can be predicted.

Ex: x(t)=bt; x(t)=a sin(wt); x(n) = 2 for n >=0, else x(n) =0.
Where as non-deterministic signals are random, irregular,
unpredictable.
Ex: Thermal noise generated in an electric circuit.
• Periodic and Aperiodic Signals
A periodic signal is a type of signal which has a definite pattern and
repeats over and over with a repeated period of T.

If x(t+T)= x(t), -∞ < t < ∞

Where T is the period of the signal, the smallest value of the period T
which satisfies above equation is called fundamental period.
For discrete signals x(n+N)= x(n), -∞ < n < ∞

A signal is said to be aperiodic if it is not repeating. Some times


aperiodic signals are said to have a periodic of infinity.
• Energy and Power Signals:
Signals may also be classified as energy and power signals. However,
there are some signals which can neither be classified as energy signals
nor power signals.
 Energy Signal is one which has finite energy and zero average power.
If x(t) is energy signal 0<E<∞ and P=0
 Power signal has finite power and zero energy
If x(t) is power signal 0<P<∞ and E=∞
• Even and odd
A signal is referred to as an even if it is identical to its time-reversed
counterparts; x(t) = x(-t). 
A signal is odd if x(t) = -x(-t). An odd signal must be 0 at t=0, in other
words, odd signal passes.
Basic signals: {Unit impulse, unit step, unit ramp, rectangular pulse,
exponential (real, complex), square wave, sawtooth waves, impulse train};

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