Welcome To Our Presentation
Introduction
The project is designed to develop a density based dynamic traffic signal
system. The signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic density at
the junction. Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major cities across
the world and it has become a nightmare for the commuters in these cities.
Conventional traffic light system is based on fixed time concept allotted to each
side of the junction which cannot be varied as per varying traffic density.
Junction timings allotted are fixed. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side
of the junction demands longer green time as compared to standard allotted
time. The image captured in the traffic signal is processed and converted into
grayscale image then its threshold is calculated based on which the contour has
been drawn in order to calculate the number of vehicles present in the image.
After calculating the number of vehicles, we will come to know in which side the
density is high based on which signals will be allotted for a particular side.
Microcontroller which provides the signal timing based on the traffic density.
Introduction
All the road lights continuously glow off when vasal not come
Vehicle movement on roadways to ON lamps.
By detecting a vehicle moving towards the street and turns ON a block of
street lamps in front of the vehicle
Each of the road lights stay in OFF condition when there are no vehicles
For controlling the system, infrared sensors have been used
When car go on the road then measure the car speed using speed meter and
show speed in monitor.
Equipment
Arduino UNO
Arduino Mega
Connecting wire
Sensors – IR Obstacle Sensor
LED
Power Supply
Lcd 16*2
Arduino UNO
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P . It has 14
digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog
inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it
with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.. You can tinker with your
UNO without worring too much about doing something wrong, worst case
scenario you can replace the chip for a few dollars and start over again.
Resistor
Resistor is an electrical component that reduces the electric current. The
resistor’s ability to reduce the current is called resistance and is measured in
units of ohms (symbol: Ω)
Connecting wire
An electrical connector is a device for joining electrical circuits together
using a mechanical assembly. The connection may be temporary or serve as a
permanent electrical joint between two wires.
There are hundreds of types of electrical connectors. Connectors may join
two lengths of wire together or connect a wire to an electrical terminal.
IR Obstacle Sensor
Infrared Obstacle Sensor Module has built-in IR transmitter and IR receiver
that sends out IR energy and looks for reflected IR energy to detect presence
of any obstacle in front of the sensor module. The module has on board
potentiometer that lets user adjust detection range. The sensor has very good
and stable response even in ambient light or in complete darkness.
LED
Light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n
junction diode that emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage is
applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes
within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons.
Power Supply
230 V Bridge rectifier
AC Lm2596 volt converter
50 Hz
5V
DC
Filter(1000µf)
12V step down
transformer
Block diagram of density based traffic
control
Traffic leds
Controller
Sensors
Block diagram of Glow Light on road
LEDs
Controller
Sensors
Block diagram of car speed detection
Display
Controller
Sensors
Circuit diagram of density based traffic
control
Circuit diagram of Glow Light on road
Circuit diagram of car speed detection
Result/Output
The IR sensor senses how many vehicles are crossing on the corresponding
side. All the sensors send the corresponding output signal to microcontroller .
The microcontroller compares which road side is the highest density (more
vehicles). Which side goes to open.
Vehicles density low then traffic signal work normal
When car came in road then automatic light glow. Otherwise light turning off
Advantage
Avoids wastage of time due to the traffic
Fully automatic
Low power consumption
It provides the easy access in the traffic light.
Low cost to design the circuit, maintenance of the circuit is good
By using this microcontroller IC we can create many more control to the
appliances
Easy convenience to handle
Easy to detect car speed
Future Work
As the system takes care of few of the drawbacks of the existing system,
there is scope for further improvement and expansion of this work. The
system can be expanded with smart traffic light control and congestion
avoidance system during emergencies emergency cars such as fire engines and
ambulances and have priority over other traffic.
This system gives highest priority to emergency vehicles to pass them. A
development of an intelligent traffic signal control (ITSC) system needed
because present traffic light controllers are based on microcontroller such as
Atmega328P which has very less internal memory. These systems have
limitation because they will use the predefined program that does not have
the flexibility of modification on real time application.
Conclusion
The project may be very well used in where the traffic signals is kept and in
many other places where we need to full fill the need of the automation. In
the future we implement the project’s idea in the industries.
By using this project in future we can know traffic density in the city and so
that remedies can be made according to that.
It’s use we save our power
When car go on Road then we detect the car speed
