Design of Ventilator for

Respiratory Diseases
GROUP MEMBERS
Farakh Ali
Nabeel Ali
Shahzaib Shahid Bhatti

SUPERVISOR
Dr. Muhammad Tahir
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Presentation Outline
• Motivation Modes Implemented
• Project Idea CPAP
• Overview of Ventilator Volume Control
• Modes of ventilator Project time line for part-II
• Problem Statement Final working Prototype
• Proposed Design Future work
• Block Diagram Application
• Design of Project Hardware
Raspberry Pi Board-up
Blower Interface
Graphical User Interface
Flow and pressure sensor 2
Motivation
• Design of a low-cost ventilator to allow
low budget hospitals to afford a ventilator
• It could also be operated with other
medical equipment such as the anesthesia
machine
• The motivation is to fill the gap in market
due to the cost of a ventilator

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Project Idea
• A blower based design to simplify
manufacturing

• A cost effective design that reduces the

manufacturing cost significantly

• Design can reduce repair costs as well due

to the usage of cheaper and readily available
parts
4
Overview of Ventilators
• Artificial
mechanism of respiration for patient which are
unable to breath
• Different parameters of Ventilators[4]
Sr. Parameter Acrony Range
m
1 Breath Per Minute BPM 12-20
2 Tidal Volume VT 6-8 ml/kg of IBW
3 Peak inspiration Pressure PIP ~0.5 psi
4 Positive End Expiratory Pressure PEEP ~0.05-0.15 psi

5 Inspiration to Expiration Ratio I:E 1:2-1:4

6 Minute Ventilation VE 5-10L/min

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Modes of Operation in Ventilator
• Supported
 Continues Positive Airway Pressure(CPAP)
 Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BIPAP)

• Controlled
 Pressure Control (PC)
 Volume Control (VC)

• Assist Controls
 Assist Pressure Control (APC)
 Assist Volume Control (AVC)

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Problem Statement
A blower based design that is cost effective and easier to
manufacture than the compressor based design that most industrial
grade ventilators use but also provides a fine level control over
pressure than the simple bag valve mask method of ventilation.

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Proposed Design
The proposed design offers a low-cost efficient bower-based
ventilator for emergency purposes.
Main blocks in the proposed design :
• Compression Chamber
• Humidifier
• Embedded System
• Sensors (Pressure, Air Flow)
• Graphical Interface (LCD)

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Block Diagram

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Embedded System : Raspberry PI 3B+
• Raspberry PI embedded system version 3B+
[3]
Main Features : Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, HDMI,
USB etc.
• Graphical User Interface capability
• Raspberry Pi : Board - up
 Initial bootup using Raspberry PI Imager
 Installation of Raspbian OS

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Compression Chamber
• Compression Chamber
 One way Values
 Air Blower

• Input : Atmospheric air intake

• Blower Based assembly
 DC Motor
 Motor Driver

• PWM Controlled Mechanism

 Python Script

• Maximum Pressure 1psi 11

Flow and Pressure sensor
• Use of AFM3020 to measure the flow of
inspiratory air
• Range from -10 to 240 SLM
• Use XGZP6897A differential pressure sensor to measure
the pressure values

• Range from -10kPa to 10kPa

• Using I2C interface

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Graphical/LCD Interface
• LCD touchscreen feature
 Resolution :1024*600
 HDMI and USB Interface

• Graphical Interface (GUI)

 Power on/off
 PWM increase/decrease
 Program close

• Input : Control of Blower Speed

• Output : Percentage Blower Speed

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Graphical User Interface
• Standard Graphical User Interface (GUI) Toolkit for python user

• Integrating GUI buttons with functions to give desired output

• Mode Selection, Data Monitoring, BPM, Tidal Volume

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Modes Implemented
Two modes implemented
1. CPAP
• Continues positive pressure feed to patient (Picture Here)
• Pressure values can be seen on graph
• Mostly used by sleep apnea patient
• Used to treat Covid-19 patients

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Modes Implemented
2. Volume Control

• Applied volume of the ventilation is controlled (Picture)

• Deliver same tidal volume during every inspiration

• Given volume is usually set to 1:2 inspiration to expiration

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 Project Timeline (Part-I)
Sr. Tasks Duration Status Source Person
No
1 Literature Survey 2 Completed Nabeel Ali, Farakh Ali, Shahzaib Shahid
Bhatti
2 Market Survey 1 Completed Farakh Ali, Shahzaib Shahid
3 Selection of Sensors 1 Completed Nabeel Ali, Shahzaib Shahid Bhatti
and Valves

4 Compression 1 Completed Nabeel Ali, Shahzaib Shahid Bhatti, Farakh

Mechanism Ali
Selection
5 Blower Interface 2 Completed Nabeel Ali, Farakh Ali, Shahzaib Shahid
Bhatti
6 LCD and Graphical 2 Completed Nabeel Ali, Farakh Ali, Shahzaib Shahid
User Interface Bhatti

7 Troubleshooting and 1 Completed Nabeel Ali, Farakh Ali, Shahzaib Shahid

Testing Bhatti
8 Report Writing 2 Completed Nabeel Ali, Farakh Ali 17
 Project Timeline (Part-II)
Sr. Tasks Durati Status Source Person
No on
(Week
s)
1 Humidifier Design 1 Completed Nabeel Ali, Shahzaib Shahid Bhatti
2 Data Acquisition using Air 3 Completed Farakh Ali, Shahzaib Shahid, Nabeel Ali
Flow and Pressure Sensors

3 Patient Vital Signs and 1 Completed Nabeel Ali, Farakh Ali

Graphical Display on LCD

4 Implementation of Modes Of 4 Completed Nabeel Ali, Shahzaib Shahid Bhatti, Nabeel Ali
Operation in Ventilator
5 Project Integration 2 Completed Farakh Ali, Shahzaib Shahid Bhatti
6 Debugging and Testing 2 Completed Nabeel Ali, Farakh Ali
7 Report Writing 2 Completed Nabeel Ali, Farakh Ali, Shahzaib Shahid

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Final Working Prototype

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Future Work
• More ventilation modes can be implemented like pressure control

• Oxygen and heart rate sensor can be added to make more viable
for emergency purposes

• Battery can be added as a power backup source

• Alarm system can be implemented to avoid unnecessary

conditions

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Project Applications
• Mechanical ventilation during surgery
• Treatment of respiratory diseases like
Covid-19
• Used in Nursing or Rehab Centre
• Usage in anesthesia machine for controlled
pressure

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References
• [1] MIT, “MIT Emergency Ventilator,” Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 20
march 2020. [Online]. Available: https://emergency-vent.mit.edu/. [Accessed 10 oct
2020].
• [2] I. A. f. t. S. o. P. (IASP), “COVID-19,” National Radio & Telecommunication
Corporation (NRTC), [Online]. Available: https://www.iasp.ws/covid19/nrtc-ventilators.
[Accessed 10 oct 2020].

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