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    Brief Discription of Economic Minerals Such As Fuel Minerals Basic Principles, Oil and Gas Formation With Reference To Pakistan

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    Muhammad Harris Khan

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    Brief Discription of Economic Minerals Such As Fuel Minerals Basic Principles, Oil and Gas Formation With Reference To Pakistan

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Harris Khan
    20 views27 pages

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    Brief Discription of economic minerals such as fuel minerals basic principles, oil and gas formation with reference to pakistan

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    20 views27 pages

    Brief Discription of Economic Minerals Such As Fuel Minerals Basic Principles, Oil and Gas Formation With Reference To Pakistan

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Harris Khan

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    Farid Hussain

    ullah ahmad
    Presentation
    by
    M
    Saddam
    shahid
    hussain
    ullah
    • Formation of hydrocarbon
    Source rock

    • source rock refers to rocks from which hydrocarbons have been generated
    or are capable of being generated. They form one of the necessary
    elements of a working petroleum system. They are organic-rich sediments
    that may have been deposited in a variety of environments including deep
    water marine, lacustrine and deltaic.
    Type1 Type2 Type3

    Type I source rocks Type II source rocks Type III source rocks
    are formed from are formed from are formed from
    algal remains marine planktonic terrestrial plant
    Types of source deposited under
    anoxic conditions in
    deep lakes:
    and bacterial
    remains preserved
    under anoxic
    material that has
    been decomposed
    by bacteria and fungi

    rocks conditions in marine


    environments.
    under oxic or sub-
    oxic conditions
    • Middle Devonian to lower Mississippian widespread
    marine anoxic oil and gas source beds in the 
    Mid-Continent and Appalachia areas of North America:
    (e.g. the Bakken Formation of the Williston Basin, the 
    Antrim Shale of the Michigan Basin, the 
    Marcellus Shale of the Appalachian Basin).
    • Kimmeridge Clay – This upper Jurassic marine 
    World class mudstone or its stratigraphic equivalents generated
    most of the oil found in the North Sea and the 
    Norwegian Sea.[3]
    source rocks • La Luna Formation – This Late Cretaceous (mostly 
    Turonian) formation generated most of the oil in
    northwestern Venezuela.[4]
    • Late Carboniferous coals – Coals of this age generated
    most of the gas in the southern North Sea, the
    Netherlands Basin and the northwest German Basin. [5]
    • Hanifa Formation – This upper Jurassic laminated
    carbonate-rich unit has sourced the oil in the giant 
    Ghawar field in Saudi Arabia.
    Reservoir rock

    • In petroleum geology, reservoir is one of the elements of petroleum system that can


    accumulate hydrocarbons (oil or gas). Reservoir rock must have good porosity and
    permeability to accumulate and drain oil in economical quantities.
    •  A relatively impermeable rock,
    commonly shale, anhydrite or salt, that
    Seal rock forms a barrier or cap above and
    around reservoir rock such that fluids
    cannot migrate beyond the reservoir
    Generation and migration
    Secoundery
    migretion
    •  a trap is a geological structure affecting the reservoir rock and
    trap caprock of a petroleum system allowing the accumulation of
    hydrocarbons in a reservoir.
     Traps can be of two
    types: stratigraphic or
    structural.
    Pakistan Oilfields Limited maintains a
    highly diversified exploration and
    production.

    POL is presently operating nine


    Development and Production leases
    Oil and gas in
    pakistan
    i.e.

    Pariwali, Meyal, Joyamair, Minwal,


    Dhulian, Khaur, Pindori, Turkwal and
    Balkassar
    Where most of the exploration activity has taken place is
    more prospective then other areas.

    Todate 7 oil fields have been discovered in upper indus


    basin(kohat and potohar province) and twelve gas fields
    in lower indus basin (Suleman and kirthar province).
    Indus basin
    Most petroleum prospects of indus basin are in the
    tertiary and messosiac rocks.

    All petroleum fields have been discovered in structural


    traps.
    According to ( hundal and
    gouhar 1975)

    Yearly
    production 7 small fields in the upper indus
    basin are estimated to have
    producing 2.2 million barrels
    yearly.
    Datta formation (early Jurassic)

    Lockart limestone (middle paleocene)


    Reservoirs for Skesar limestone (middle early Eocene)
    these fields
    Chorgali formation (late early Eocene)

    Murree formation (early Miocene).


    Cap rock or seal • CAP has invariably been provided by shales.

    rock
    Source of oil in Datta formation is
    considered as Jurassic shales.

    Lockart, sakaser and chorgali is thought


    indigenous.

    Source rock
    Murree formation oil is assumed to have
    migrated vertically from underlying
    Eocene rocks.

    (Rahman,1963)
    Mianwali Patala
    formation formation
    (early (late
    Possibilities Triassic) paleocene)
    of other
    Namal
    source rocks formation (Raza,
    (early 1973)
    Eocene)
    Detail study of source rocks
    • The detailed geochemical study of source rocks is in
    progress in order to ascertain the relation of producing oil
    characteristics with the possible sources.

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