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8.1 Types of Respiratory System

This document discusses and compares the respiratory systems of various organisms. It describes the respiratory structures and adaptations that allow for efficient gas exchange in insects, fish, frogs, humans and other animals. The respiratory structures include the tracheal system in insects, gills in fish, skin and lungs in frogs, and alveoli in humans. These structures have adaptations like large surface areas, thin membranes, moisture and dense blood vessel networks that enable rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The document also notes some similarities and differences between human and animal respiratory structures.

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799 views34 pages

8.1 Types of Respiratory System

This document discusses and compares the respiratory systems of various organisms. It describes the respiratory structures and adaptations that allow for efficient gas exchange in insects, fish, frogs, humans and other animals. The respiratory structures include the tracheal system in insects, gills in fish, skin and lungs in frogs, and alveoli in humans. These structures have adaptations like large surface areas, thin membranes, moisture and dense blood vessel networks that enable rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The document also notes some similarities and differences between human and animal respiratory structures.

Uploaded by

wickedbiology101
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 8: Respiratory

Systems in Human
and Animals
8.1 Types of Respiratory System
Respiratory structures
and their adaptations for
gaseous exchange

• Respiratory structure:
• is the respiratory surface
that enables gaseous
exchange to occur
between respiring
organism cells and their
outer environment
The insect respiratory
structure and its adaptations
The insect respiratory
structure and its
adaptations

• The breathing system of insects is


the tracheal system
• There are small pores in the
thorax and abdomen of insects
called spiracles.
• The spiracle allows the intake of
air into the air tube system, which
is the tracheal system.
• The trachea branches out to form
finer tubes called the tracheole.
Spiracles
• Tracheole is the respiratory surface.
• The tracheole has the following characteristics that allow for efficient
respiratory gaseous exchange.
• A large number of tracheoles provides a large total surface area
for the exchange of gases.
• The tracheole wall is thin and moist. This allows oxygen gas to
diffuse into the cells while carbon dioxide quickly diffuses out of
the cells into the tracheole.
• Some insects have air sacs in their trachea system. This sac is filled
with air to speed up the delivery of respiratory gas during active body
movements.
The fish respiratory structure
and its adaptations
• The respiratory structure of fish is the gills
• gills are made up of a line of filament that is
supported by the gill arch.
• characteristics of filament enable the rapid
exchange of respiratory gases:
• The filament has many thin and flat projections called
lamella (plural: lamellae). A large number of filaments and
lamellae gives a large total surface area for an efficient
gaseous exchange process.
• The lamella membrane is thin and supplied with many
blood capillaries for easy absorption and transport of
oxygen and carbon dioxide
The frog respiratory structure
and its adaptations
a) Skin
• In an inactive state, the frog uses its skin for
gaseous exchange
• The skin is thin and highly permeable to
respiratory gases.
• The moist skin allows respiratory gases to
dissolve in it.
• Beneath the skin, there are many networks of
blood capillaries to transport respiratory gases
b) Lungs
• The surface of the lungs is folded to
increase the total surface area for
the exchange of gases
• The thin lung membrane eases the
diffusion of respiratory gases.
• The moist lung walls enable
respiratory gases to dissolve in
them.
• The lungs are also rich with a
network of blood capillaries to
transport respiratory gases.
The human respiratory
structure and its adaptations
• The human respiratory structure is the
alveolus which has the characteristics for
efficient respiratory gaseous exchange
• A large number of alveoli provides a large total
surface area for the diffusion of respiratory
gases.
• The alveolus wall is always moist. Oxygen and
carbon dioxide can dissolve easily and diffuse
through the walls into the blood capillaries.
• The alveolus is surrounded by a large network
of blood capillaries to hasten the diffusion of
respiratory gases.
• The thin alveolus wall, that is as thick as one
cell, makes the diffusion of gases much easier.
Comparison and contrast of
respiratory structures in
humans and animals
Similarities
Differences
PRAKTIS FORMATIF
D
B
C
A
D
B
B
C
D
D
C
PRAKTIS FORMATIF
Kelantan 2020
PRAKTIS FORMATIF
SBP 2017

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