IOT Smart Energy Grid

Abstract
•  
• Energy generation companies supply electricity to all the households via
intermediate controlled power transmission hubs known as Electricity Grid.
Sometimes problems arise due to failure of the electricity grid leading to black out of
an entire area which was getting supply from that particular grid. This project aims to
solve this problem using IOT as the means of communication and also tackling
various other issues which a smart system can deal with to avoid unnecessary losses
to the Energy producers. IOT Smart Energy Grid is based on ATmega family controller
which controls the various activities of the system. The system communicates over
internet by using Wi-Fi technology. A bulb is used in this project to demonstrate as a
valid consumer and a bulb to demonstrate an invalid consumer. The foremost thing
that this project facilitates is re-connection of transmission line to active grid. If an
Energy Grid becomes faulty and there is an another Energy Grid, the system switches
the Transmission Lines towards this Grid thus facilitating uninterrupted electricity
supply to that particular region whose Energy Grid went OFF.
 Abstract cont…..
• And this information of which Grid is active is updated over IOTGecko
webpage where the authorities can login and can view the updates.
Apart from monitoring the Grid this project has advances capabilities
of monitoring energy consumption and even detect theft of
electricity. The amount of electricity consumed and the estimated
cost of the usage gets updated on the IOTGecko webpage along with
the Energy Grid information. Theft conditions are simulated in the
system using two switches. Switching one each time will simulate a
theft condition and also will notify the authorities over the IOT
interface. In this way the Smart Energy Grid project makes sure that
the electricity supply is continuous and helps in maintaining a
updated record of consumption and theft information which is quite
a valuable information for the energy producing companies.
 Block diagram

Power supply
Energy meter

Current sensor Aurdino uno Lcd display

Realy board
Esp8266

Load
 ARDUINO UNO

• The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328

(datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as
PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery
to get started. The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not
use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega8U2
programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. "Uno" means one in Italian and
is named to mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0. The Uno and
version 1.0 will be the reference versions of Arduno, moving forward. The
Uno is the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference
model for the Arduino platform; for a comparison with previous versions,
see the index of Arduino boards.
 Power supply
• Power Supply
•  
• Power supply is a reference to a source of electrical power. A device or system that supplies
electrical or other types of energy to an output load or group of loads is called a power supply
unit or PSU. The term is most commonly applied to electrical energy supplies, less often to
mechanical ones, and rarely to others
•  
• This power supply section is required to convert AC signal to DC signal and also to reduce the
amplitude of the signal. The available voltage signal from the mains is 230V/50Hz which is an
AC voltage, but the required is DC voltage(no frequency) with the amplitude of +5V and +12V
for various applications.
•  
• In this section we have Transformer, Bridge rectifier, are connected serially and voltage
regulators for +5V and +12V (7805 and 7812) via a capacitor (1000µF) in parallel are connected
parallel as shown in the circuit diagram below. Each voltage regulator output is again is
connected to the capacitors of values (100µF, 10µF, 1 µF, 0.1 µF) are connected parallel through
which the corresponding output(+5V or +12V) are taken into consideration.
 Lcd display
• LCD (Liquid Cristal Display)
•  
•  
• Introduction:
•  
• A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat display device made up of any number of color or
monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector. Each pixel consists of a column of liquid crystal
molecules suspended between two transparent electrodes, and two polarizing filters, the axes of polarity of which
are perpendicular to each other. Without the liquid crystals between them, light passing through one would be
blocked by the other. The liquid crystal twists the polarization of light entering one filter to allow it to pass through
the other.
•  
• A program must interact with the outside world using input and output devices that communicate
directly with a human being. One of the most common devices attached to an controller is an LCD display. Some of
the most common LCDs connected to the contollers are 16X1, 16x2 and 20x2 displays. This means 16 characters per
line by 1 line 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.
• Shapes and S
• available. Line lengths of 8, 16, 20, 24, 32 and 40 characters are all standard, in one, two
•  
•  .
 Current sensor
• CURRENT SENSOR
•  
• A current sensor is a device that detects electric current (AC or DC) in a wire, and
generates a signal proportional to it. The generated signal could be analog voltage
or current or even digital output. It can be then utilized to display the measured
current in an ammeter or can be stored for further analysis in a data acquisition
system or can be utilized for control purpose.
• The sensed current and the output signal can be:
• Alternating current input,
– analog output, which duplicates the wave shape of the sensed current
– bipolar output, which duplicates the wave shape of the sensed current
– unipolar output, which is proportional to the average or RMS value of the sensed current
• Direct current input,
– unipolar, with a unipolar output, which duplicates the wave shape of the sensed current
– digital output, which switches when the sensed current exceeds a certain threshold
 Relay module
• Relay
• A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to
operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also
used. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal
(with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where
several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long
distance telegraph circuits, repeating the signal coming in from one circuit and re-
transmitting it to another. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and
early computers to perform logical operations.
• A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric
motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits
with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching.
Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating
coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric
power systems these functions are performed by digital instruments still called "
protective relays".
 Esp 8266
• Wi-Fi & Regulatory Supports 1Mbps & 2Mbps
and module-based solutions are “Wi-Fi certified”
for 802.11b Hardware support for AES, and RC4
based ciphers (WEP, WPA, WPA2 security) FCC
Certified (USA, FCC ID: W7O-ZG2100-ZG2101), IC
Certified (IC: 8248A-G21ZEROG), Wi-Fi Certified,
RoHS and CE compliant, and fully compliant with
European Market and meet the R&TTE Directive
for Radio Spectrum