Scribd
Upload
123 views19 pages

Presentation On Transformer Easy

The document provides information on transformers, including: 1) Transformers are static devices that transfer electrical energy from one AC circuit to another by inducing voltage in a secondary winding through a changing magnetic flux in an iron core from a primary winding. 2) High voltages are used for transmission to reduce losses over long distances, then transformers lower the voltage for domestic and industrial use at safer levels like 220V. 3) The basic principle is that an AC current in the primary winding produces a changing flux that induces voltage in the secondary winding through electromagnetic induction, changing the voltage but keeping the frequency the same.

Uploaded by

Bensaron Kadiri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
123 views19 pages

Presentation On Transformer Easy

The document provides information on transformers, including: 1) Transformers are static devices that transfer electrical energy from one AC circuit to another by inducing voltage in a secondary winding through a changing magnetic flux in an iron core from a primary winding. 2) High voltages are used for transmission to reduce losses over long distances, then transformers lower the voltage for domestic and industrial use at safer levels like 220V. 3) The basic principle is that an AC current in the primary winding produces a changing flux that induces voltage in the secondary winding through electromagnetic induction, changing the voltage but keeping the frequency the same.

Uploaded by

Bensaron Kadiri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

PRESENTATION ON

TRANSFORMER
INTRODUCTION
The transformer is a static device which is used to
transfer electrical energy from one ac circuit to
another ac circuit.
Input to a transformer and output from a transformer
both are alternating quantities (AC).
Electrical energy is generated and transmitted at an
extremely high voltages. The voltage is to be then
reduced to a lower value for its domestic and industrial
use.
This is done by using a transformer.
 When transmitting power over both long and short distances, there are
inherent losses in the system. These losses are of greater magnitude when the
current is higher (at lower voltage) than at a low current. For this reason, long-
distance transmission necessitates that electricity has high voltage and low
current. High voltages aren’t safe for consumers, though, and aren’t suitable for
most electrical appliances. Consumer appliances are generally rated at 220 V.

 The power transmission system using transformers is shown in figure.


 When the transformer changes the voltage level, it changes the current level
also.
Basic Principle

The primary winding is connected to the single –


phase ac supply, an ac current starts flowing through
it.
The ac primary current produces an alternating flux
(Ф) in the core.
Most of this changing flux gets linked with the
secondary winding through the core.
The varying flux will induce voltage into the secondary
winding according to the faraday’s laws of
electromagnetic induction.
Voltage level change but frequency i.e. time period
remains same.
There is no electrical contact between the two
winding, an electrical energy gets transferred from
primary to the secondary.
A simple transformer consists of two electrical
conductors called the primary winding and the
secondary winding.
Energy is coupled between the windings by the time
varying magnetic flux that passes through( links) both
primary and secondary windings.
Can the transformer operate on
DC?
Answer: NO
The transformer action does not take place with a
direct current of constant magnitude.
Because with a DC primary current, the flux produced
in the core is not alternating but it is of constant value.
As there is no change in the flux linkage with the
secondary winding, the induced emf in the secondary
is zero.
If DC is applied to the primary then there is a
possibility of transformer core saturation.
If core saturates the primary will draw excessively large
current. Therefore application of DC should be
avoided.
Transformer Types
The transformer are of different types depending on
the arrangement of the core and the winding as
follows.
Core Type
Shell Type
Berry Type
The magnetic core is a stack of thin silicon-steel
laminations about 0.35 mm thick for 50 Hz
transformer. In order to reduce the eddy current
losses, these laminations are insulated from one
another by thin layers of varnish.
Core Type Transformer
Shell Type Transformer
Sr. Core Type Transformer Shell Type Transformer
No
1. The core has only one The core has two windows.
window.
2. Winding encircles the Core encircles the windings.
core.
3. Cylindrical windings are Sandwich type windings are
used. used.
4. Easy to repair. It is not so easy to repair.
5. Better cooling since Cooling is not very
more surface is exposed effective.
to the atmosphere.
Construction of Transformer
The Most important parts of a transformer are the
windings (coils) and the core.
Some other parts such as suitable tank, conservator,
bushings, breather, explosion vent etc. are also used
along with the core and windings.
Step Down Transformer

A Step up Transformer is a device which converts the


low primary voltage to a high secondary voltage i.e. it
steps up the input voltage.
A Step down Transformer on the other hand, steps
down the input voltage i.e. the secondary voltage is
less than the primary voltage.
The following images shows a simple demonstration
of the use of Transformers (both Step up and Step
down Transformers) in a typical Transmission System.
Step-down transformer Application
 Power-generation plants produce electricity at 20 kV, which is then
stepped up to 440 kV for long-distance distribution. When received at
a local distribution station, the voltage is reduced to 11 kV using a step-
down transformer. From here, for distribution to individual
consumers, another step-down transformer reduces the voltage to the
standard 220 V suitable for consumer use.

 Household voltage is 220 V in most areas. However, household outlets


operate at 110 or 120 V in the United States and neighboring countries.
Connecting a 220-V device to a 110-V outlet may damage the device.
Fortunately, inexpensive adapters (Fig. 1) are readily accessible to fully
solve the problem. They’re sold for less than $20 in most electronics
shops. Many of these European-made devices specifically state that
they can be used in the United States.
Step Down Transformer
Applications
Step – up and Step – down Voltage
Measurement of current in single and three phase
system
Measurement of voltage in single and three phase
system
Measurement of power
Measurement of Energy
Thank You

You might also like