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Unit 8 Trigonometric and Circular Functions

This document discusses circular functions and their properties. It defines the unit circle and uses it to find values of trigonometric functions. It also discusses linear and angular speed as it relates to a point moving along a circle. Examples are provided to demonstrate finding exact and approximate values of trig functions using the unit circle, as well as calculating linear and angular speed given angular speed and radius. Homework assignments are listed at the end.

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Sandra Miller
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198 views21 pages

Unit 8 Trigonometric and Circular Functions

This document discusses circular functions and their properties. It defines the unit circle and uses it to find values of trigonometric functions. It also discusses linear and angular speed as it relates to a point moving along a circle. Examples are provided to demonstrate finding exact and approximate values of trig functions using the unit circle, as well as calculating linear and angular speed given angular speed and radius. Homework assignments are listed at the end.

Uploaded by

Sandra Miller
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8-3 Circular Functions

Unit 8 Trigonometric and Circular Functions


Concepts and Objectives
 Unit Circle and Circular Functions (Obj. #28)
 Use the unit circle to define values for trig functions.

 Determine the measure of an angle based on the


coordinates of its trig value.
 Determine linear and angular speed of a rotating
point.
Unit Circle
2  1 3    1 3 
  , 
3  2 2  2
 0,1  , 
3 2 2 
   2 2
3  2 2   
 ,   , 
4  2 2  4
  2 2 
5  3 1      3 1
 ,   , 
6  2 2 6  2 2
  1,0 0  1,0 
 

7  3 1  11  3 1 
 ,  ,
6  2 2   6  2 2 
5  2 2   7  2 2
 ,   , 
4  2 2    4  2 2 

4  1 3 5  1 3
  3 ,
 ,
3  2 2 
  0, 1 3  2 2 
2
Circular Functions
 The circular functions of real numbers correspond to the
trigonometric functions of angles measured in radians.
y

(cos s, sin s) = (x, y)


s=
The trig functions and the
 circular functions lead to the
r x
same function values,
provided we think of the
angles as being in radian
measure.
Circular Functions
7  5 
 Example: Find the exact values of cos and tan   
4  3 
Circular Functions
7  5 
 Example: Find the exact values of cos and tan   
4  3 
7 2
cos s = x, so the x-coordinate at cos 
4 2
y 5 1 3 
tan s  , and at  , the coordinates are  , 
x 3 2 2 
3
y 3 3 1 3 2
 2   3 or     3
x 1 1 2 2 2 1
2
Approximating Circular Functions
 Example: Find a calculator approximation for each
circular function value.
(a) cos 1.85 (b) cot 1.3209 (c) sec(–2.9234)
Approximating Circular Functions
 Example: Find a calculator approximation for each
circular function value.
(a) cos 1.85 (b) cot 1.3209 (c) sec(–2.9234)

Make sure your calculator is in radians mode!


(a) cos 1.85 ≈ –.2756

(b) cot 1.3209 = (tan 1.3209)–1 ≈ .2552

(c) sec(–2.9234) = (cos(–2.9234))–1 ≈ –1.0243


Approximating Circular Functions
 
 Example: Approximate the value of s in the interval 0, 
if cos s = .9685.  2
Approximating Circular Functions
 
 Example: Approximate the value of s in the interval 0, 
if cos s = .9685.  2

cos–1 .9685 ≈ .2517


Since this value is in the quadrant given, this is our
value.
Approximating Circular Values
 3 
 Example: Approximate the value of s in   ,  if
cos s = –.367.  2
Approximating Circular Values
 3 
 Example: Approximate the value of s in   ,  if
cos s = –.367.  2

cos–1 –.367 ≈ 1.947.


However, in the quadrant given, the cosine should be
negative. Therefore, the answer would be –1.947.
Exact Circular Values
 3 
 Example: Find the exact value of s in the interval   , 
if tan s = 1.  2
Exact Circular Values
 3 
 Example: Find the exact value of s in the interval   , 
if tan s = 1.  2

5
tan s = 1 when x = y, which occurs at in the given
interval. 4
Linear and Angular Speed
 Suppose that point P moves at
a constant speed along a circle
of radius r. The measure of y
how fast the position of P is P
changing is called linear speed.
s
 If v represents linear speed,
then 
distance r x
speed 
time
s
v
t
Linear and Angular Speed
 As point P moves along the
circle, ray OP rotates around
the origin. The measure of how y
fast POB is changing is called P
angular speed.
s
 Angular speed, symbolized ,
is given as 
O r B x


t
where  is in radians.
Linear and Angular Speed
 Example: Suppose that point P is on a circle with radius
10 cm, and ray OP is rotating with angular speed /18
radians per second.
(a) Find the angle generated by P in 6 sec.
(b) Find the distance traveled by P in 6 sec.
(c) Find the linear speed of P in centimeters per second.
Linear and Angular Speed
 Example: Suppose that point P is on a circle with radius
10 cm, and ray OP is rotating with angular speed /18
radians per second.
(a) Find the angle generated by P in 6 sec.


18
 

18 6
6 
  radians
18 3
Linear and Angular Speed
 Example: Suppose that point P is on a circle with radius
10 cm, and ray OP is rotating with angular speed /18
radians per second.

(b) Find the distance traveled by P in 6 sec.


s  r
   10
s   10    cm
3 3
Linear and Angular Speed
 Example: Suppose that point P is on a circle with radius
10 cm, and ray OP is rotating with angular speed /18
radians per second.

(c) Find the linear speed of P in centimeters per second.


s
v
t
10
3 10 5
v   cm/sec
6 18 9
Homework
 College Algebra (brown book)
 Page 580: 9-42 (3s), 54-87 (3s)

 Turn in: 18, 30, 54, 60, 66, 72, 84

 Classwork: Algebra & Trigonometry (green book)


 Page 726: 15-36 (3s)

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