Transmission Line Parameters-

Inductance Calculation for

three-phase Line
Inductance of Three-phase Transmission Line- with
symmetrical Spacing

• 
• Consider a three-phase, three-conductor system with solid cylindrical conductors with identical radius rA, rB, and rC,
placed with separation DAB, DBC, and DCA (where D > r) among them. Corresponding currents IA, IB, and IC flow along
each conductor as shown in Figure.
• The derivations for the inductance in a single-phase system can be extended to obtain the inductance per
phase in a three-phase system.
• If we assume that there is no neutral wire or, if we assume balanced three phase
Phasor currents i.e. IA + IB +IC=0, using the equation that represents flux linkages
of a particular conductor in a group for which the summation of current is zero, flux
Linkages of conductor ‘A’ is
ΨA =2x 10-7 (IA ln + IB ln + IC ln) Wbt/m
• Since IA=-(IB +IC) and considering symmetrical spacing, the above equation takes
the form as follows.
ΨA =2 x 10-7 (IA ln - IA ln) Wbt/m
And the inductance LA= 2x 10-7 ln H/m
• Because of symmetry, the inductances of conductor ‘B’ and ‘C’ are the same as the inductance of conductor ‘A’.
• LA is the inductor per phase.
 Inductance of Three-phase Transmission Line-
with unsymmetrical Spacing
• When the conductors of a three-phase line are not placed symmetrically, the problem of finding the inductance will be a
cumbersome one as ‘Flux linkages/conductor’ will be different.
• Different inductance per phase results in unbalancing in the circuit.
• Balancing can be restored by exchanging the position of the conductors at regular intervals called ‘barrels’ along the line so
that each conductor occupies the position of every other conductors over an equal distance, called ‘Transposition’ .
• The position of the three conductors is changed after every one-third of the length of the line.
 Inductance of Three-phase Transmission Line- with
Unsymmetrical Spacing
•• To  find the average inductance of one conductor of a transposed line, we first determine the flux linkages of a conductor for each position it
• Inductance of the untransposed line is taken as equal to the average value of the inductance of one phase of the same line correctly transposed.

occupies in the transposition cycle and then determine the average flux linkages.
• Applying the concept of flux linkages of a particular conductor in a group of conductors for determining the flux linkages of conductor ‘A’ when it is
in position ‘1’, conductor ‘B’ at ‘2’ and conductor ‘C’ at ‘3’, we get,
ΨA1 =2x 10-7 (IA ln + IB ln + IC ln) Wbt/m
• Similarly, the flux linkages of conductor ‘A, when it is at position ‘2’, conductor ‘B’ at position ‘3’ and conductor ‘C’ at position ‘1’ is as follows.
ΨA2 =2x 10-7 (IA ln + IB ln + IC ln) Wbt/m
• And finally, the flux linkages of conductor ‘A, when it is at position ‘3’, conductor ‘B’ at position ‘1’ and conductor ‘C’ at position ‘2’ is as follows.
ΨA3 =2x 10-7 (IA ln + IB ln + IC ln) Wbt/m
• The average value of the flux linkages of ‘A’ is therefore,
ΨA= ΨA1 + ΨA2+ ΨA3/3
=
Applying IA=-(IB+IC), we get,
ΨA =

And the inductance of phase ‘A’, LA =

Or, LA= 2x 10-7 ln H/m where, Deq= is the geometric mean of the three distances of the unsymmetrical line and Ds is the GMR of the conductor.
 GMR of ‘Bundled Conductor’
 If the conductors are stranded and the bundle spacing d is large compared to the conductor outside radius, each stranded conductor
is first replaced by an equivalent solid cylindrical conductor with GMR D S. Then the bundle is
replaced by one equivalent conductor with GMR, DSb , then
For a two-stranded conductor, DSb =
For a three-stranded conductor, DSb =

 For a four-stranded conductor, DSb =

The inductance is then, LA= 2x 10-7 (IA ln )
 If the phase spacings are large compared to the bundle spacing, then sufficient accuracy for Deq is obtained by using the
distances between bundle centers.
 Circuiting in Transmission Line
Transmission lines which carry three phase power are
usually configured as either single circuit or double circuit.
A single circuit configuration has three conductors for the
three phases. While a double circuit configuration has six
conductors (three phases for each circuit).
They offer same inductive reactance but capable of
transmitting more power with greater reliability.
These are two transmission lines on a single tower with the
capability to operate one line alone or both lines in parallel
depending on the power to be evacuated or due to
maintenance scheduling of the lines
However, running two circuits in close proximity to each
other will involve inductive coupling between the
conductors. This needs to be taken into account when
calculating the fault level and while designing the protection
schemes.
Double circuit transmission lines usually contain bundled
conductors with the conductors placed as far as possible to
minimize inductance.
Both the circuits in Double Circuit Transmission Line are
mounted or run through the same Transmission tower.
Example 4.2
One circuit of a single-pha se transmission line is2 composed of three solid
Da  circuit
0.25-cm radius wires. The return Dbd  D  6  9oftwo 0.5-cm radius
is composed
2

fD
117
wires. The arrangement o conductors
e
 ce2 is shown. Find the inductance due
9
to the current in each side ofcdthe line
2 and6 the inductance of the complete
Dm in12
GMD 2  9 15
15117  10.743
2 mmile) 3/
line in henries per meter ( and millihenries per
GMRX  9 Daa mabD Dba Dbb Dbc Dca Dcb
D
GMR  ac
 9D cc
0.001947 3
 64 122  0.481
GMR
X Y Ds4,XDdd Dm D
de ed
D
GMR  ee4
0.0038942  62  0.153
Ds ,Y mD
LX  210 lnD m  6.212 107
Y 7

s,
H/m
a'  rb  rc
'
LY  210
 X
Dm  8.503107

7
r ' 0.25 10 2  Ds , H/m
a
r'
ln
a' 0.7788
0.001947 m L  LX  L  14.71510
Y 7

r  r '  0.003894 m L  14.71510

H/m Y 7
103 1609  2.37
d' e
r mH/mi