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Database Languages:
A database system provides a data definition language(DDL) to specify the database
structure and a data manipulation language(DML) to express database queries and updates. • DDL Set of SQL commands used to create, modify and delete database structures but not data. These commands are not normally used by a general use who should be accessing the database via an application. They are normally used the DBA to a limited extent, a database designer, or application developer. Example: To create objects in the database- create table account(acc_no varchar(45),balance varchar(4)); Alter: Alter the structure of the database. Drop: Delete objects from the database • DML – Enables users to access or manipulate data in database. • Retrieval of information stored in the database • Insertion of new information into the database • Deletion of information from the database • Modification of information stored in the database •, • • Insert: Insert data into a table • Example:insert into account values(‘A001’,’1000’); • Update: Update existing data within a table • Delete: deletes all records from a table • Query: A query is a statement requesting the retrieval of information. • Ex: select * from account; • • TCL • Commit – save all the transaction. • Rollback – Go back to last transaction . like undo in MS word. • Truncate- Removes all records from a table, including all space allocated for the records are removed. DDL • CREATE TABLE Student • (Reg_no varchar2(10), • Name char(30), • DOB date, • Address varchar2(50)); Column name Data type Size