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Excel Formula 101

Formulas in Excel perform calculations on worksheet values using functions, cell references, operators, and parentheses. Formulas can include arithmetic operators like addition and multiplication, comparison operators, text concatenation operators, and reference operators. Operators have a defined order of precedence that can be altered using parentheses. Functions have a defined structure and syntax including the function name and arguments. Formulas can nest functions and reference cells on the same or other worksheets. References can be relative, absolute, or mixed to dynamically or statically link to cells when copied or filled.

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130 views15 pages

Excel Formula 101

Formulas in Excel perform calculations on worksheet values using functions, cell references, operators, and parentheses. Formulas can include arithmetic operators like addition and multiplication, comparison operators, text concatenation operators, and reference operators. Operators have a defined order of precedence that can be altered using parentheses. Functions have a defined structure and syntax including the function name and arguments. Formulas can nest functions and reference cells on the same or other worksheets. References can be relative, absolute, or mixed to dynamically or statically link to cells when copied or filled.

Uploaded by

AJ Gatus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Microsoft Office Excel

EXCEL FORMULA 101

Allan Jerryco D. Gatus


Microsoft Office Specialist - Excel Expert
Excel Formula
• Formulas are equations that perform calculations
on values in your worksheet.
• A formula starts with an equal sign (=).
• For example, the following formula multiplies 2
by 3 and then adds 5 to the result.
=5+2*3
Parts of Excel Formula
A formula can also contain any or all of the
following:

1. Functions: The PI() function returns the value of pi: 3.142...


2. References: A2 returns the value in cell A2.
3. Constants: Numbers or text values entered directly into a
formula, such as 2.
4. Operators: The ^ (caret) operator raises a number to a
power, and the * (asterisk) operator multiplies
Calculation operators
Arithmetic operators
Operators Meaning Examples
+ (PLUS) Addition 3+3
– (MINUS) Subtraction / Negation 3–3
* (ASTERISK) Multiplication 3*3
/ (FORWARD SLASH) Division 3/3
% (PERCENT) Percentage 3%
^ (CARET) Exponential 3^2
Calculation operators
Comparison operators
Operators Meaning Examples
= Equal to A1 = B1
> Greater Than A1 > B1
< Less Than A1 < B1
>= Greater than or equal to A1 >= B1
<= Less than or equal to A1 <= B1
<> Not equal to A1 <> B1
Calculation operators
Text concatenation operators
Operators Meaning Examples
& (AMPERSAND) Connects or combines two or “Office”&”Excel”
more values to produce one
continuous text value

Reference operators
Operators Meaning Examples
: (COLON) Range operator A1:A10
, (COMMA) Union operator SUM(A1,A3,A5)
(SPACE) Intersection operator A1:A5 B1:B5
Operator precedence
Excel calculates the formula from left to right,
according to a specific order for each operator
in the formula.
Operators Meaning
{:} { } {,} Reference operators
– Negation
% Percentage
^ Exponential
* and / Multiplication and Division
+ and – Addition and Subtraction
{ = } { > } { < } { >= } { <= } { <> } Comparison operators
Use of parentheses
To change the order of evaluation, enclose in
parentheses the part of the formula to be
calculated first.
Formula Answer
=8+8*8-8/8 71

=(8+8)*8-8/8 127

=8+8*(8-8/8) 64

=(8+8*8)-8/8 71
The syntax of functions

1. Structure.
2. Function name.
3. Arguments.
4. Argument tooltip.
Nesting functions
References in formulas
• Identifies a cell or a range of cells on a
worksheet to use in a formula.
• Data contained in different parts of a
worksheet in one formula or use the value
from one cell in several formulas.
• Cells on other sheets in the same workbook,
and to other workbooks (links or external
references)
Types of references
Type Definition Examples
Relative If the position of the cell that contains =A1
references the formula changes, the reference is
changed

Absolute If the position of the cell that contains =$A$1


references the formula changes, the absolute
reference remains the same

Mixed If the position of the cell that contains =A$1 or =$A1


references the formula changes, the relative
reference is changed, and the absolute
reference does not change.
Styles of references

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