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Dos PPT 1

This document provides an overview of steel structures and structural steel design. It discusses: 1. Common types of steel structures like roofs, bridges, towers, and industrial buildings. 2. Properties and advantages of structural steel like strength, durability, and speed of construction. Disadvantages include cost and corrosion. 3. Common steel sections used in construction like I-beams, channels, angles, tees, plates, and bars. 4. Design considerations for steel structures including loads, properties of structural steel, and design philosophies like working stress method, ultimate load method, and limit state method.

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Keerthana P
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153 views47 pages

Dos PPT 1

This document provides an overview of steel structures and structural steel design. It discusses: 1. Common types of steel structures like roofs, bridges, towers, and industrial buildings. 2. Properties and advantages of structural steel like strength, durability, and speed of construction. Disadvantages include cost and corrosion. 3. Common steel sections used in construction like I-beams, channels, angles, tees, plates, and bars. 4. Design considerations for steel structures including loads, properties of structural steel, and design philosophies like working stress method, ultimate load method, and limit state method.

Uploaded by

Keerthana P
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES

INTRODUCTION
Steel structures
• A structure which is made from organised
combination of structural steel members
designed to carry loads and provide adequate
rigidity.
• In steel structures, structural steel is the main
load carrying material to transfer the load within
them and to transfer load to the ground
• Ex: - I-Beam, Tee section, [ - Channel section,
Steel plate etc..,
Common Steel structures
1. Roof truss in factories, cinema halls, railways
etc.,
2. Crane girders, columns, beams
3. Plate girders, bridges
4. Transmission towers, water tank, chimney
etc.,
Old Arch Bridge
Framed Building
Framed Building
Industrial Building
Industrial Building
Truss Bridge
Suspension Bridge
Cable Stayed Bridge
Adv. & Disadv. Of Steel Members
Advantages
• High strength (can resist high loads with light weight
and small size of members)
• Gas and water tight.
• Good aesthetic view
• Good quality and durability
• Very high speed of construction
• Long service life
• Reusability and scrap value – env. Friendly
• Inspected quickly and conveniently
• Better solution to cover large span and tall
structures
Adv. & Disadv. Of Steel Members
Disadvantages
• Highcost – Initial
• Corrosion
• Low fire resistance
Structural Steel
• The steel used for the manufacture of rolled
structural steel sections, fastenings and other
elements.
• An alloy of iron and carbon (small percentage)
and other elements in varying percentages.
• Types – mild steel, medium carbon steel, high
carbon steel, low alloy steel and high alloy steel.
Steel
Steel making
• First iron is extracted from iron ores like
haematite, limestone, magnetite in furnace
• Oxygen is passed through molten iron to remove
carbon and impurities to make steel.
• Magnese is added to strengthen the steel
• Adding chrome, nickel, phosphorous can
impart special properties in steel
Cont….
• Semi finished products from the machine is hot
rolled to different sections like bars, plates,
angles, sections etc..,
• Adding carbon increases the tensile strength and
hardness but lowers ductility and toughness
• In building we use structural steel which has low
carbon of upto 0.1% to have ductility and yield.
Properties of Structural Steel
• Physical properties (IS 800:2.2.4)
1. Unit weight = 7850 kg/m3 = 78.5 kN/m3
2. E = 2x105 N/mm2
3. Poison ratio µ = 0.3
Properties of Structural Steel
Properties of structural steel include:

•Tensile properties
•Shear properties
•Hardness
•Creep
•Fatigue
Properties of Structural Steel
Tensile Properties
t
r Area=S0-
Standard tensile
d
test specimen
F L
F

Area=S-
Tensile test
specimen before
F F rupture
L
Properties of Structural Steel
Properties of Structural Steel
Shear Properties
• Shear strength of steel structure is specified at the
failure under shear stress and it is about 0.57 times
yield stress of structural steel.
• Regarding elastic shear modulus, it is expressed as
the ratio of shear stress to shear strain in elastic
range of steel structure.
Properties of Structural Steel
Hardness
• Hardness is the measure of ability of steel
structure to withstand inelastic deformation
• different tests to evaluate steel hardness namely:
Brinell, Rockwell and portable.
Properties of Structural Steel
Creep

Creep is gradual variation of strain of steel structure


under constant stress. It occurs due to the influence of
constant stress and the effect of fire.
Ductility
• Ability of material to change its shape without
fracture Mild steel – high ductility
High carbon steel – low ductility
Toughness & brittle fracture
• Ability of material to resist (absorb) impact load like earthquake
load, machine load etc..,
• Requires both strength and ductility
• At low temp. steel fails on impact loading due to reduction in
ductility
and toughness called brittle fracture
Temp
At high temp strength reduces
Corrosion
Steel corrodes in moist air, sea water and acid. Adopt Painting,
metallic coating, plastic coating, using corrosion resistant
steel to resist corrosion
Hardness
• Resistance of the material to intentions and scratching
• Brinell harness, rockwell hardness number are used to
measure hardness
Fatigue
• Damage of material to cyclic loading
• Occurs due to moving loads, vibration in bridge
Residual stress
• Latent stress present in the steel sections due to uneven
heating and cooling during steel making
Stress concentration
• Under loading, stress is concentrated at places at abrubt
change in geomentry like holes bolts
STEEL SECTIONS
Steel sections
• Steel is rolled to a required shape during
fabrication. (Rolled Structural Steel Sections)
• Commonly available
– I section –I
– Tee section –T
– Channel sections –
– Angle sections – l
- Steel bars , tubes, plates, sheets, strips
Common Steel members
Rolled steel I – section(Beam Section)
• ISJB – Indian standard Junior beam
• ISLB – “ Light beam
• ISMB - “ Medium beam
• ISWB - “ Wide flange beam
• ISHB - “ Heavy beam
Rolled steel I - section
Rolled steel I - section
• Example = ISMB 500 @ 0.852 kN/m
Depth

Weight per Unit length

500 mm
Beam – Column construction
Rolled steel Channel - section
• ISJC, ISLC, ISMC, ISLC, ISSC(Indian standard
special section)
• Example ISMC 300 @ 0.351 kN/m

300 mm
Prakash Kumar Sekar from Civilrnd.com
Rolled Steel Angle section
Classified as
ISA - Indian Standard Equal Angles
ISA - Indian Standard Unequal Angles
ISBA - Indian Standard Bulb Angles
Rolled Steel Angle section
• ISA Equal angle – ISA 150 x 150 x 12 (< 150 150 x 8)
• ISA unequal angle – ISA 150 x 115 x 12 Thickness
Rolled Tee- section
• ISNT - Indian Standard Normal Tee bars
• ISHT - Indian Standard Wide flange Tee bars
• ISST - Indian Standard Long legged Tee bars
• ISLT - Indian Standard Light Tee bars
• ISJT - Indian Standard Junior Tee bars
Rolled Tee- section

HT 125 @ 0.274kN/m
Other Sections
• Steel bars
– ISRO – Round bars
– ISSQ – Square bars

• Steel Tubes

• Steel plates

• Steel Flats
Choice of sections
• Governed by sectional properties and
availability
• Popular in India – ISMB, ISMC, equal
angles
• Channels are used in purlins, Tee and angles in
truss, I section in beam and column
Other forms of sections
Built-up, stepped, wide flange, hybrid, cold
formed (formed from light gauge steel strips)
Loads on Structures
• DL = Dead load – self weight and permanent loads (IS 875 -
part 1)

• LL = Live load - changes from time to time – person


,furniture etc.., ( IS 875 - part 2)

• WL = Wind load – transient loads (IS 875 - part 3)

• Snow load

• EL = Earthquake load – (IS 1893)


Design philosophy
Working Stress method
– Stress at which the material starts to yield is taken as
permissible stress of the section. All sections are designed
not to exceed the permissible stress
Permissible stress = Yield stress / F.O.S
– Since steel can resist load after yield point, following this
principle results in bulky, uneconomical sections

Ultimate Load method (plastic design method)


– Permissible load is a load when all the fiber in the steel is
yielded
– This method does not ensure serviceability
• Limit State Method (IS800 : 2007)
– It takes both strength and serviceability to account

– Limit state of Serviceability


• Minimum deformation, deflection, crack, vibration,
corrosion to ensure aesthetic view, functionability and
safety to partitions etc.,

– Limit state of strength


• Structure should be stable and not collapse under
load
IS 800 :2007 – Code of Practice for use of Structural
Steel in General Building Construction

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