Estimating & Value

Engineering
CE155
ENGR. TIMOTHY DANIEL DJ. FELICIA
 MODULE 2:
MEASURING QUANTITIES AND
ITEMS OF WORKS IN BUILDINGS
 MEASURING QUANTITIES
• THE QUANTITY TAKE-OFF
• ORGANIZATION OF THE TAKE-OFF
• QUANTITY TAKE-OFF SHEET
 MEASURING QUANTITIES
The quantity take-off
• Refers to the scaling or transferring of critical dimensions of construction components
from drawings to paper or software that are quantified as units of measurement.
• This also includes a description of works that are influenced by the appropriate
measurement guide.

ORGANIZATION OF QUANTITY TAKE-OFF

• The order of the take-off will generally follow the sequence of work activities of the
project and, conveniently for the estimator, the contract drawings are usually presented in
this sequence.
Sample quantity take-off
METHODS OF MEASUREMENT

• PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT –
INTERNATIONAL (POMI)
• PHILIPPINE STANDARD METHOD OF
MEASUREMENT (PSMM)
• STANDARD METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF
BUILDING WORKS: 7TH EDITION (SMM7)
MEASURING ITEMS OF WORKS IN
BUILDING PROJECTS
• EXCAVATING AND FILING
• Site clearance/preparation
• Excavations
• Disposal
• Fillings
MEASURING ITEMS OF WORKS IN
BUILDING PROJECTS

• In situ concrete works

• In situ concrete
• Formwork
• reinforcement
 EXCAVATING & FILLING:
SITE CLEARANCE/PREPARATION
• SITE PREPARATION
• It is the removal of natural obstruction across the site such as grass, bushes,
shrubs and trees.
• RULES OF MEASUREMENT
• Site preparation is measured in terms of area, m2.
 EXCAVATING & FILLING:
SITE CLEARANCE/PREPARATION
 EXCAVATING & FILLING:
SITE CLEARANCE/PREPARATION
 EXCAVATING & FILLING:
EXCAVATION
• EXCAVATION
• It is the removal of earth from its natural position.
• RULES OF MEASUREMENT
• All excavation is measured net with no allowance for increasing in bulk after excavation
or for the extra space required for working space or to accommodate earthwork support.
EXCAVATING & FILLING:
EXCAVATION
EXCAVATING & FILLING:
EXCAVATION
EXCAVATING & FILLING:
EXCAVATION
EXCAVATING & FILLING:
EXCAVATION
 EXCAVATING & FILLING:
DISPOSAL
• DISPOSAL
• It is defined as the action or process of throwing away or getting rid of
something.
• RULES OF MEASUREMENT
• Disposal is based on all excavated material off site and measured in terms of volume,
m3.
EXCAVATING & FILLING:
DISPOSAL
EXCAVATING & FILLING:
DISPOSAL
EXCAVATING & FILLING:
DISPOSAL
EXCAVATING & FILLING:
DISPOSAL
 EXCAVATING & FILLING:
filling
• filling
• It is defined as a quantity of material that fills or is used to fill something.
• RULES OF MEASUREMENT
• Filling is obtained from excavated material which includes topsoil and any other
material arising from the excavations that have been specified to remain on site and
measured in terms of volume, m3.
EXCAVATING & FILLING:
filling
EXCAVATING & FILLING:
filling
 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1
• Compute for the total volume of excavation, disposal and backfill on the selected footings, footing tie beams and
columns below.
• Structural elements to be measured for earthworks:
1. Footings:
1.1 F5 at GL B/1, F6 at GL D/1, F8 at GL B/4 & F12 at GL D/4
2. Footing Tie Beams
2.1 FTB2 at GL B-D/1, FTB1 at GL B/1-3, FTB1 at GL B-D/4,
& FTB2 at GL D/1-3
3. Columns
3.1 C1C at GL B/1, C1A at GL D/1, C1B at GL B/4 and C5 at GL D/4
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
IN SITU CONCRETE
• IN SITU CONCRETE
• It is concrete deposited in the place where it is required to harden as part of
the structure.
• RULES OF MEASUREMENT
• Concrete volume is measured net.
• Deductions are not made for the following:
• Reinforcement
• Steel sections
• Voids < 0.05m3 in volume (except voids in troughed and coffered slabs)
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
FORMWORK
• FORMWORK
• It is a temporary construction to contain wet concrete in the required shape
while it is cast and setting.
• This can be made of steel, wood, aluminum and/or prefabricated forms.
• RULES OF MEASUREMENT
• It is measured to the faces of all cast in place concrete which requires to be supported
while the concrete sets.
• No deductions shall be made for voids < 5.00m2.
IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
FORMWORK

WOOD FORMWORKS (PHENOLIC BOARD)

IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
FORMWORK

STEEL FORMWORKS
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• TYPES OF STEEL BAR
• Mild steel bars are plain in surface and are round sections of diameter from 6
to 50mm.
• High yield steel bars are rods of steels provided with lugs, ribs or deformation
on the surface of the bar, these bars minimize slippage in concrete and increases
the bond between the two materials.
• RULES OF MEASUREMENT
• Measure separately for different types of steel bar
• Measure separately for different size/diameter
• Forming hooks, tying wire, spacers, cutting/splicing and bending are deemed included.
• Chairs and connectors are deemed included unless not at discretion of contractor.
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT

• CONCRETE COVER PROVISION

• Concrete cover is the distance from the outer face of an element to the outer girth of
reinforcement and is provided to ensure that there is adequate protection to steel
reinforcements that are not exposed from the concrete and thus prevent rusting.
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• CONCRETE COVER PROVISION
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• ANCHORAGE & LAP SPLICE LENGTH
• Lap length is the length of bar overlap when bars are tied together for extending the
reinforcement length.
• Anchorage length is the additional length of steel required to be inserted from one
structural member into another structural member at the junction.
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• ANCHORAGE & LAP SPLICE LENGTH
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT

• HOOKS
• These are very significant especially when measuring links or reinforcement that is bent
up or bent around another bar. These are usually given as multiples of bar diameter or
given as specific lengths in tabulated form.
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• STEPS FOR MEASURING REINFORCEMENT
• Make sure to read the specifications or general notes and checked all notes on plans you will
be using and all other relevant documents.
• Study carefully the drawings and details given. Make sure that you understand clearly the
details given.
• Check if there is enough information given to be able to measure lengths. Be sure to check
specifications and general notes.
• Tick off or loop through bar marks measured to check if all reinforcement for the particular
element has already been taken or measured.
• If there are any uncertainties in the details, make a query on this.
• Check for any assumptions made to be put in measurement notes.
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• POINTERS TO NOTE
• Unit weight of rebar per meter is calculated by the surface area of steel multiply by the
density of steel. Thus,
Kg/m = (π D2/4) x 7850 kg/m3
Or simply:
Kg/m = D x D x 6165 Kg/m3
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• Measurement of beam reinforcement
• Typically, reinforcement to ordinary beams will comprise of top bar reinforcement,
bottom bar reinforcement, links or stirrups and side bars.
• End conditions for beams are usually given with anchorage length, either given lengths
in tabulated form or given as multiples of bar diameter.
• Pay particular attention where anchorage length is measured from, which is usually
from the inner face of support or from the centerline of support.
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• Measurement of beam reinforcement
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• Measurement of beam reinforcement
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• COMPUTATION FOR LENGTHS & NUMBER OF STIRRUPS
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• COMPUTATION FOR LENGTHS & NUMBER OF STIRRUPS
• Computation for length of outer stirrups / links
S = 2 x (w + d) – 8 x cc + hook
where:
s = stirrup / link
w = width of beam
d = depth of beam
cc = concrete cover
hook = specified length or as multiples of stirrup diameter
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• COMPUTATION FOR LENGTHS & NUMBER OF STIRRUPS
• Computation for the number of outer stirrups / links
N = (L – 2 x cover from face of support) / spacing + 1
where:
N = number of stirrups / links
L = clear length
 Sample problem no. 2

• COMPUTE FOR THE

CONCRETE,
FORMWORK AND
REINFORCEMENT OF
GIRDERS G9 @GL A-B/5
AND G1A @GL B-D/5
Sample problem no. 2
Sample problem no. 2
Sample problem no. 2
 Sample problem no. 2
Given:
C1= 250x600mm G9 = 300X600mm
C2A = 250x550mm G1A = 200X400mm
C2B = 200x400mm
SLAB THICKNESS = 100mm

FOR GIRDER G9 @GL A-B/5:

CLEAR LENGTH = 2.625 – C1 width
= 2.625 – 0.25 = 2.375m

CONCRETE VOLUME = CLEAR LENGTH X BEAM WIDTH X BEAM DEPTH

= 2.375 X 0.3 X 0.6 = 0.428 cu.m
FORMWORKS:
TO SOFFIT = CLEAR LENGTH X BEAM WIDTH
= 2.375 X 0.3 = 0.7125 sq.m
TO SIDES(INTERNAL) = CLEAR LENGTH X (BEAM DEPTH – SLAB THICKNESS)
= 2.375 X (0.6-1) X 2 = 2.375 sq.m
TOTAL FORMWORKS (SIDES + SOFFIT)
= 2.375 + 0.7125 = 3.09 sq.m
 Sample problem no. 2
REINFORCEMENT:
TOTAL WEIGHT (KGS.) = NO. OF BARS x TOTAL LENGTH x
WEIGHT FACTOR

FOR GIRDER G9 @GL A-B/5:

Discontinuous@left support & Continuous@right support

FOR MAIN TOP BARS:

Total length = clear length + anchorage length +
C2A half-width
= 2.375 +0.68 + (0.55/2) = 3.33m
No. of bars = 2 bars
Weight factor (for 25mm dia.) = 3.858 kg/m
Total weight = 2 x 3.33 x 3.858 = 25.69 kgs
 Sample problem no. 2
FOR EXTRA TOP BARS (DISCONTINUOUS@LEFT SUPPORT):
Total length = (0.25*L1) + anchorage length
= (0.25*2.375) + 0.68 = 1.27m
No. of bars = 2 bars
Weight factor (for 25mm dia.) = 3.858 kg/m
Total weight = 2 x 1.27 x 3.858 = 9.80 kgs

FOR EXTRA TOP BARS (CONTINUOUS@RIGHT SUPPORT):

Total length = (0.31*L1) + C2A half-width
= (0.31*2.375) + (0.55/2) = 1.011m
No. of bars = 2 bars
Weight factor (for 25mm dia.) = 3.858 kg/m
Total weight = 2 x 1.011 x 3.858 = 7.80 kgs
 Sample problem no. 2
FOR MAIN BOTTOM BARS:
Total length = clear length + anchorage length +
C2A half-width
= 2.375 +0.68 + (0.55/2) = 3.33m
No. of bars = 2 bars
Weight factor (for 25mm dia.) = 3.858 kg/m
Total weight = 2 x 3.33 x 3.858 = 25.69 kgs

FOR EXTRA MIDDLE BOTTOM BARS:

Total length = CLEAR LENGTH - (0.125*L1) - (0.125*L2) = 2.375 – (0.125*2.375) -
(0.15*6.6) =1.09m
No. of bars = 2 bars
Weight factor (for 25mm dia.) = 3.858 kg/m
Total weight = 2 x 1.09 x 3.858 = 8.41 kgs

Web bars = no. of bars x clear length x weight factor

= 2 x 2.375 x 3.858 = 18.33 kgs

OVERALL WEIGHT (FOR 25mm dia.) = 25.69 + 9.80 + 7.80 + 25.69 + 8.41 + 18.33 = 95.72 kgs
 Sample problem no. 2
FOR STIRRUPS:
Total length = [(2xBeam width)+(2xBeam Depth)] – (8*concrete
cover) + hooks
= [(2x0.3)+(2x0.6)] – (8*0.025) + (2*0.10)
= 1.80m
No. of bars@rest = round[ - 1
• 
= ROUND [ – 1
= ROUND (-1.42) - 1 = no bars @ rest since negative
Total no. of bars = 2x1+ 2x9 = 20 bars
Weight factor (for 10mm dia.) = 0.617 kg/m
Total weight(for 10mm dia.)= 20 x 1.80 x 0.617 = 22.21 kgs
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• Measurement of slab reinforcement
• There are two general types of slabs with regards to its load carrying capacity:
• One-way slab – slab supported by beam / wall support (parallel to the
long span) and whose reinforcement runs in one direction only, i.e. from
support to support.
S/L < 0.50 : S = SHORT SPAN, L = LONG SPAN
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• ONE WAY SLAB
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• ONE WAY SLAB
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• Measurement of slab reinforcement
• There are two general types of slabs with regards to its load carrying capacity:
• two-way slab – slabs which are supported on four sides and are
reinforced in two directions. Reinforcement is placed in such a
way to transmit loads to the four supporting beams.
S/L > 0.50 : S = SHORT SPAN, L = LONG SPAN
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• TWO WAY SLAB
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• TWO WAY SLAB
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• Measurement of slab reinforcement
• Important notes for measuring slab reinforcement:
• Always check if distribution bars have been provided, especially for top bars. Unless top bars
are continuous from support to support, there will always be distribution bars to main top
bars.
• Pay careful attention that spacing for bars are not interchanged between the two directions.
• Pay attention for slabs that have drops in them. Extra details may be provided or adjustments
are to be made.
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• Measurement of slab reinforcement
• Important notes for measuring slab reinforcement:
• Always check if distribution bars have been provided, especially for top bars. Unless top bars
are continuous from support to support, there will always be distribution bars to main top
bars.
• Pay careful attention that spacing for bars are not interchanged between the two directions.
• Pay attention for slabs that have drops in them. Extra details may be provided or adjustments
are to be made.
 Sample problem no. 3
• COMPUTE FOR
THE CONCRETE,
FORMWORK AND
REINFORCEMENT
OF SLABS S-1 AND
S-4

• Given:
C1A = 200X400MM
CG1A = 200X400MM
G1 = 200X400MM
G1A = 200X400MM
G2 = 200X450MM
G6 = 250X600MM
G7 = 250X600MM
B2 = 200X450MM
CONCRETE COVER = 20MM
Sample problem no. 3
Sample problem no. 3
Sample problem no. 3
 Sample problem no. 3
S-1(ONE-WAY):

C1A

LS
G7
SS

SS = SHORT SPAN LS = LONG SPAN

Clear length @SS = 1.675 – C1A Clear length @LS = 4.2 + 1.75 –
width = 1.675 – 0.2 = 1.475m CG1A width = 4.2 + 1.75 – 0.2 =
5.75m
 Sample problem no. 3
SOLUTION : GIVEN: C1A: 200X400MM G6: 250X600MM
CG1A: 200X400MM G7: 250X600MM
G1: 200X400MM CONCRETE COVER = 20MM

CLEAR LENGTH (CL):

CL@LONG SPAN = 4.2 + 1.75 – CG1A WIDTH
= 4.2 + 1.75 – 0.2 = 5.75M

CL@SHORT SPAN = 1.675 – C1A WIDTH = 1.675 – 0.2 = 1.475M

= = 0.26 < 0.5 : ONE-WAY SLAB

LONG SPAN:

• 
NO. OF BARS = ROUND[ ] + 1

= ROUND [ ] + 1 = ROUND(12.68) + 1 = 13 +1 = 14 BARS

TOP BARS (Φ10mm) @LEFT END = NO. OF BARS X TOTAL LENGTH X WEIGHT FACTOR

= 14 X (+ ANCHORAGE LENGTH) X 0.617

= 14 X ( + 0.50) X 0.617 = 8.566 KGS

TOP BARS (Φ10mm) @RIGHT END = NO. OF BARS X TOTAL LENGTH X WEIGHT FACTOR

= 14 X (+ ) X 0.617

= 14 X ( + ) X 0.617 = 5.327 KGS

 Sample problem no. 3
SOLUTION:
BOTTOMS BARS (Φ10mm,
CONTINUOUS FROM LEFT
TO RIGHT END) = NO. OF BARS X TOTAL LENGTH X WEIGHT FACTOR

= 14 X ( CL@SHORT SPAN + ANCHORAGE LENGTH + ) X 0.617

= 14 X (1.475 + 0.50 + ) X 0.617 = 18.14 KG

TOTAL BARS @LONG SPAN (Φ10mm) = 8.566 + 5.327 + 18.14 = 32.03 KGS

• 
SHORT SPAN:
FOR TOP BARS (LEFT & RIGHT END):
NO. OF BARS = ROUND [ ] + 1

= ROUND [ ] + 1 = ROUND (1.57) + 1 = 2 + 1 = 3 BARS

TOP BARS, Φ10mm @LEFT END & RIGHT END = NO. OF BARS X TOTAL LENGTH X WEIGHT FACTOR

= 3 X ( CLEAR LENGTH@LONG SPAN +

+ ) X 0.617 X 2

= 3 X (5.75 + + ) X 0.617 X 2 = 22.12 KGS

 Sample problem no. 3
SOLUTION:
FOR BOTTOM BARS@LEFT END:
NO. OF BARS = ROUND [] + 1

= ROUND [] +1 = ROUND (0.42) + 1 = 0 + 1 = 1 BAR

BOTTOM BARS, Φ10mm AT LEFT END = NO. OF BARS X TOTAL LENGTH X WEIGHT FACTOR

= 1 X (CLEAR LENGTH@LONG SPAN +

+ ) X 0.617
•  = 1 X (5.75 + + ) X 0.617 = 3.69 KGS

FOR BOTTOM BARS@RIGHT END:

NO. OF BARS = ROUND [] + 1

= ROUND [] +1 = ROUND (0.61) + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2 BARS

BOTTOM BARS, Φ10mm AT RIGHT END = NO. OF BARS X TOTAL LENGTH X WEIGHT FACTOR
= 2 X (CLEAR LENGTH@LONG SPAN +
+ ) X 0.617
= 2 X (5.75 + + ) X 0.617 = 7.38 KGS
 Sample problem no. 3

SOLUTION:
FOR BOTTOM BARS@MIDDLE:
NO. OF BARS = ROUND [ ] - 1
= ROUND [ ] - 1
= ROUND(3.23) - 1 = 3 – 1 = 2 BARS

• 
BOTTOM BARS, Φ10mm @ MIDDLE = NO. OF BARS X TOTAL LENGTH X WEIGHT FACTOR
= 2 X (CLEAR LENGTH@LONG SPAN +
+ ) X 0.617
= 2 X (5.75 + + ) X 0.617 = 7.38 KGS

TOTAL BARS @SHORT SPAN (Φ10mm) = 22.12 + 3.69 + 7.38 + 7.38 = 40.57 KGS

TOTAL REINFORCEMENT @SLAB S-1 (Φ10mm) = 32.03 KGS + 40.57 KGS = 72.6 KGS
 Sample problem no. 3
S-4(TWO-WAY):

SS = SHORT SPAN
SS Clear length @SS = 3.60m

LS = LONG SPAN
Clear length @LS = 6.20m

LS
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• Measurement of column reinforcement
• Basically, column reinforcement is made up of vertical bars and links.
• Computation for vertical bars:
• When measuring vertical bars, always check the end conditions of the bars and check for location
of laps / anchorage lengths. Floor to floor height must be verified from the framing plans,
especially at termination points.
• Computation for links in column:
• Length of links – can be computed in similar way as the links / stirrups in beam
• Number of links:
• There are two (2) conditions to consider when computing for number of links:
1. when links are to be provided at clear height only
2. when links are provided at entire floor height including at intersections with
other members
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• TYPICAL COLUMN DETAIL
 Sample problem no. 4
• COMPUTE FOR THE CONCRETE, FORMWORK AND REINFORCEMENT
OF COLUMN C1 @GL F/2 FROM GROUND TO 2ND FLOOR ONLY.
ASSUME: 3meters – Floor to floor height

FOUNDATION PLAN
Sample problem no. 4

2ND FLOOR FRAMING PLAN

Sample problem no. 4
Sample problem no. 4
 Sample problem no. 4
2F
SOLUTION: JOINT TIES
CONFINEMENT TIES

LATERAL TIES

CONFINEMENT TIES GF
 Sample problem no. 4
SOLUTION:
GIVEN: C1: 200X400MM
CG1A: 200X400MM
G1: 200X400MM
FLOOR TO FLOOR HEIGHT = 3 METERS
BEAM DEPTH = 0.4 M
CLEAR LENGTH = 3 – 0.4 = 2.6 METERS
CONCRETE COVER @COLUMN & BEAMS = 25MM

VERTICAL MAIN BARS (Φ16mm) = NO. OF BARS X FLOOR TO FLOOR HEIGHT X WEIGHT FACTOR
= 6 X 3 X 1.58 = 28.44 kgs

FOR CONFINEMENT, LATERAL AND JOINT TIES:

CONFINEMENT TIES:

• 
CONFINEMENT HEIGHT AS PER COLUMN SCHEDULE = 0.5 M

NO. OF BARS = ROUND ( )= ROUND() +1 = ROUND (4.5) + 1 = 6 BARS

OUTER TIES (Φ10mm)@CONFINEMENT,

TOP & BOTTOM = 2 X NO. OF BARS X TOTAL LENGTH X WEIGHT FACTOR

= 2 X 6 X {[2X(0.2 +0.4)] – (8*0.025)+ 0.1 + 0.1]}X 0.62 = 8.93 KG

INNER TIES (Φ10mm)@CONFINEMENT,

TOP & BOTTOM = 2 X NO. OF BARS X TOTAL LENGTH X WEIGHT FACTOR

= 2 X 6 X [0.2 – (2X0.025)+ 0.1 +0.1] X 0.62 = 2.60 KG

 Sample problem no. 4
LATERAL TIES:

LATERAL HEIGHT = CLEAR HEIGHT – 2*CONFINEMENT HEIGHT

= 2.6 – 2*0.5 = 1.6M

NO. OF BARS = ROUND () - 1 = ROUND ( ) -1=

= ROUND (10.66) - 1 = 11 – 1 = 10 BARS

•OUTER
  TIES (Φ10mm)@ LATERAL = NO. OF BARS X TOTAL LENGTH X WEIGHT
FACTOR

= 10 X {[2X(0.2 +0.4)] – (8*0.025)+ 0.1 + 0.1]}X 0.617 = 7.40 KGS

INNER TIES (Φ10mm)@ LATERAL= NO. OF BARS X TOTAL LENGTH X WEIGHT FACTOR

= 10 X [0.2 – (2X0.025)+ 0.1 + 0.1] X 0.62 = 2.17 KGS

 Sample problem no. 4
JOINT TIES:

JOINT HEIGHT = BEAM/SLAB DEPTH = 0.4m

NO. OF BARS = ROUND ( )+ 1

= ROUND () +1= ROUND (3.5) + 1 = 5 BARS

OUTER TIES (Φ10mm)@ JOINT = NO. OF BARS X TOTAL LENGTH X WEIGHT FACTOR

•  = 5 X {[2X(0.2 +0.4)] – (8*0.025)+ 0.1 + 0.1]}X 0.62 = 3.72 KG

INNER TIES (Φ10mm)@ JOINT= NO. OF BARS X TOTAL LENGTH X WEIGHT FACTOR

= 5 X [0.2 – (2X0.025)+ 0.1 +0.1] X 0.62 = 1.81 KG

TOTAL REINFORCEMENT @ COLUMN:

Φ16mm = 28.44 KGS
Φ10mm = 8.93 + 2.60 + 7.40 + 2.17 + 3.72 + 1.81 = 26.63 KGS
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• MEASUREMENT OF WALL REINFORCEMENT
• Reinforcement to walls comprised primarily of horizontal bars and vertical bars. For
thicker walls, links or binders may be provided.
• Measurement of reinforcement will still be generally the same as the column.
• Adjustment to wall reinforcement due to openings in walls:
• Always check from elevation or from framing plans for locations of wall openings like
openings for doors, windows, etc. and make sure that all necessary adjustments are made.
• When measuring walls with openings, treat walls as if there is no openings in it, and later
make the adjustments.
• Adjustment to opening in walls can be dealt with similarly to adjustment for slabs with voids
or openings.
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• TYPICAL WALL OPENING DETAIL
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• MEASUREMENT OF STAIR REINFORCEMENT
• Reinforcement to stair comprised primarily of the main bars, secondary bars, nosing and chairs (as required)
• Measurement of reinforcement to stair stringer and stair landing is similar to the one way slab.
• Computation for the length of nosing bar and chair bar:
Nb = w – 2 x cc
Cb = t + r – 2 x cc + 2 x AL
where
Nb = nosing bar
w = width of stair
cc = concrete cover
AL = anchorage length
Cb = chair bar
t = stair tread
r = stair riser
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• MEASUREMENT OF STAIR REINFORCEMENT
• Computation for the number of nosing bar and chair bar:
• Nosing bar = as per number steps
• #Cb = [round((w – 2 x cc) / spacing) + 1] x number of steps
 IN SITU CONCRETE WORKS:
REINFORCEMENT
• TYPICAL STAIR DETAIL
 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 5
• STAIR PLAN (ARCHITECTURAL)
 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 5
• STAIR BLOW-UP DETAIL PLAN (ARCHITECTURAL)
 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 5
• STAIR DETAIL (STRUCTURAL)
 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 5
SOLUTION:
FROM GROUND FLOOR TO MIDLANDING:
WIDTH OF STAIR (W): 1.385M (1385MM)
RISER LENGTH: 0.175M (175MM)
TREAD LENGTH: 0.25M (250MM)
CONCRETE COVER (CC): 0.04M (40MM)

LENGTHS:

NOSING BAR (NB) LENGTH = WIDTH OF STAIR – (2*CONCRETE COVER)

= 1.385 – (2*0.04)
= 1.305M
CHAIR BAR (CB) LENGTH = TREAD LENGTH + RISER LENGTH – (2*CONCRETE
COVER) + (2*ANCHORAGE LENGTH) = 0.25 + 0.175 – (2*0.04) +(2*0.50)
= 1.345M

TOTAL NO. OF BARS:

NOSING BAR = NO. OF STEPS = 10

CHAIR BAR = (ROUND ((1.385 – (2*0.04))/0.45) + 1)*10 = (ROUND(2.9)+1)*10
= 40

TOTAL WEIGHT:

NOSING BAR (Φ10mm) = NO. OF BARS X LENGTH X WEIGHT FACTOR

= 10 X 1.305 X 0.617 = 8.05 KG
CHAIR BAR (Φ12mm) = NO. OF BARS X LENGTH X WEIGHT FACTOR
= 40 X 1.345 X 0.889 = 47.83 KG