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Binary Codes

This document discusses different binary coding systems for representing decimal numbers: 1) Conversion of a decimal number to binary represents the value, while coding assigns a binary representation. For example, 1310 = 11012 (conversion) and 13 = 0001|0011 (coding). 2) Binary coded decimal (BCD) assigns a 4-bit code to each decimal digit using a weighted code. BCD allows addition of decimal numbers using binary arithmetic. 3) Boolean algebra is a system to manipulate binary variables that can have two values, true/false or 1/0, using operators like AND, OR, and NOT. It is used in digital systems.

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Rakshith Krishnaraj
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101 views14 pages

Binary Codes

This document discusses different binary coding systems for representing decimal numbers: 1) Conversion of a decimal number to binary represents the value, while coding assigns a binary representation. For example, 1310 = 11012 (conversion) and 13 = 0001|0011 (coding). 2) Binary coded decimal (BCD) assigns a 4-bit code to each decimal digit using a weighted code. BCD allows addition of decimal numbers using binary arithmetic. 3) Boolean algebra is a system to manipulate binary variables that can have two values, true/false or 1/0, using operators like AND, OR, and NOT. It is used in digital systems.

Uploaded by

Rakshith Krishnaraj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Binary Codes

Conversion or Coding?

• Do NOT mix up conversion of a decimal number to a binary number


with coding a decimal number with a BINARY CODE. 

• 1310 = 11012 (This is conversion) 

• 13  0001|0011 (This is coding)


Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)

• The BCD code is the 8,4,2,1 code.


• 8, 4, 2, and 1 are weights
• BCD is a weighted code
• This code is the simplest, most intuitive binary code for decimal digits
and uses the same powers of 2 as a binary number, but only encodes
the first ten values from 0 to 9.
BCD Arithmetic
 Given a BCD code, we use binary arithmetic to add the digits:
8 1000 Eight

+5 +0101 Plus 5

13 1101 is 13 (> 9)
 Note that the result is MORE THAN 9, so must be
represented by two digits!
 To correct the digit, add No. 6
8 1000 Eight

+5 +0101 Plus 5
decimal adjust
13 1101 is 13 (> 9)

+0110 so add 6

carry = 1 0011

0001 | 0011 Final answer (two digits)


BCD Addition
BCD Addition(Contd…)
• Add 2905BCD to 1897BCD

0001 1000 1001 0111

+ 0010 1001 0000 0101


• 0001 1000 1001 0111
• + 0010 1001 0000 0101
• 0100 10010 1010 1100
• + 0000+ 0110+ 0110+ 0110
• 0100 1000 0000 0010

• Ans: 4802
BCD code for 2905 : 0010 1001 0000 0101
BCD code for 1897 : 0001 1000 1001 0111

Addition : 0011 10001 1001 1100


If Invalid BCD then add 6 : 0110 0110

Addition : 0011 10111 1001 10010

Remaining bits except carry : 0011 0111 1001 0010


Carry : 1 1

Addition : 0100 0111 1010 0010


If Invalid BCD then add 6 : 0110

Addition : 0100 0111 10000 0010

Remaining bits except carry : 0100 0111 0000 0010


Carry : 1

Addition : 0100 1000 0000 0010


BCD value : 4 8 0 2
Excess 3 Code and 8, 4, –2, –1 Code
Decimal Excess 3 8, 4, –2, –1
0 0011 0000
1 0100 0111
2 0101 0110
3 0110 0101
4 0111 0100
5 1000 1011
6 1001 1010
7 1010 1001
8 1011 1000
9 1100 1111
DECIMAL CODES - Binary Codes for Decimal
Digits

Decimal 8,4,2,1 Excess3 8,4,-2,-1 Gray


0 0000 0011 0000 0000
1 0001 0100 0111 0100
2 0010 0101 0110 0101
3 0011 0110 0101 0111
4 0100 0111 0100 0110
5 0101 1000 1011 0010
6 0110 1001 1010 0011
7 0111 1010 1001 0001
8 1000 1011 1000 1001
9 1001 1100 1111 1000
BCD: 0101 0001 0011 0111
Excess - 3: 1000 0100 0110 1010
2421: 1011 0001 0011 1101
6311: 0111 0010 0100 1010
Boolean Algebra
Boolean Algebra
• Boolean algebra is a mathematical system for the manipulation of
variables that can have one of two values.

• In formal logic, these values are “true” and “false.”


• In digital systems, these values are “on” and “off,” 1 and 0, or “high” and
“low.”

• Boolean expressions are created by performing operations on


Boolean variables.
• Common Boolean operators include AND, OR, and NOT.

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