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Project Name Fire Alarm Security System: Submitted by MD - Rubel Mia ROLL:161116

This project proposes a low-cost fire alarm security system using a photodiode sensor. The system detects changes in light levels from the photodiode caused by increases in temperature during a fire. It uses an op-amp comparator circuit to trigger a buzzer alarm when the photodiode voltage drops due to rising temperature. The objectives are to provide fire protection for homes, warehouses, and workplaces at low cost. It has advantages of low power, cost, and easy fire sensing but disadvantages of only sensing nearby fires and requiring continuous power. Potential applications include security for homes, schools, hotels and places with limited human interaction.

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Rubel Riad
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215 views13 pages

Project Name Fire Alarm Security System: Submitted by MD - Rubel Mia ROLL:161116

This project proposes a low-cost fire alarm security system using a photodiode sensor. The system detects changes in light levels from the photodiode caused by increases in temperature during a fire. It uses an op-amp comparator circuit to trigger a buzzer alarm when the photodiode voltage drops due to rising temperature. The objectives are to provide fire protection for homes, warehouses, and workplaces at low cost. It has advantages of low power, cost, and easy fire sensing but disadvantages of only sensing nearby fires and requiring continuous power. Potential applications include security for homes, schools, hotels and places with limited human interaction.

Uploaded by

Rubel Riad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROJECT NAME

FIRE ALARM SECURITY SYSTEM

SUBMITTED BY
MD.RUBEL MIA
ROLL:161116
INTRODUCTION
A Fire alarm circuit is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by
monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion.
In general, a fire alarm system is either classified as automatic, manually
activated, or both.
Automatic fire alarm systems can be used to notify people to evacuatein the
event of a fire or other emergency, and to prepare the structure and associated
systems to control the spread of fire and smoke.

ABSTRACT
These project is entitled fire alarm security system.The main aim of the project
is to provide best security from fire asserts at low cost.
This project uses a photodiode which can be used as a sensor to create a fire
detection alarm system.
It can be used in industries to protect the goods,security at warehouses,etc.
OBJECTIVES
-To protect house from fire by giving alarm when fire is
occured.
-To detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring
environmental changes associated with combustion.
-To protect provides security at warehouse and works
home security.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

PHOTODIODE OP-AMP BUZZER


COMPONENT REQUIRED
NAME SPECIFICATION QUANTITY

1. OP-AMP LM358 1 UNIT

2.Photodiode 5mm 1 unit


3. Led red 1 unit
4. Resistor 4.7k,1k 2 unit,1 unit
5. Potentiometer 10k 1 unit
6. Buzzer ----- 1 unit
7. Battery 9v 1 unit
8. Bread board Medium size 1 unit
7. Connecting wire --------- few
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WORKING PRINCIPLE

The fire alarm is based upon one of the 2 Op-Amps ( Operational Amplifiers ) of
the LM358 IC,
The Op-Amp here is used as a comparator, It compares the two voltages present
at its inverting input ( Pin 2 ) and non-Inverting input ( Pin 3 ).

The voltage at the Non-Inverting input is set using the potentiometer, such that
the buzzer does not sounds in ambient room temperature.

The voltage on the inverting input varies with the temperature, when the
Photodiode(IR Receiver) hot its resistance drops rapidly resulting in the drop of
voltage at the inverting input,

when the voltage of inverting gets less than that of the non-inverting input the
buzzer gives a loud noise, alarming you of a potential fire.
MAIN COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
LM358 IC(DUAL OPAMP):
PHOTODIODE
The photodiode is a semiconductor p-n junction device whose region of operation
is limited to the reverse biased region.

The photodiode is connected in reverse biased condition.


The depletion region width is large.
Under normal condition, it carries small reverse current due to minority charge
carriers.

When light is incident through glass window on the p-n junction, photons in the
light bombard the p-n junction and some energy is imparted to the valence
electrons.

Due to this, valence electrons are dislodged from the covalent bonds and become
free electrons.
Thus more electron-hole pairs are generated.
Thus total number of minority charge carriers increases and hence the reverse
current increases.

This is the basic principle of operation of photodiode.


The reverse current without light in diode is in the range of micro amperes.

Figure: Photodiode
AVANTAGES
-Sensing of fire easily.
-Simple Circuit.
-Low power consumption.
-Low cost.

DISADVANTAGES
-No longer use.
-Senses near by the Fire only.
-Uses continuous power supply.
-Veriable resistor should be set properly.
APPLICATION
- Its can be used Home and industries security system.

- Its used school,college,university and any kind of laboratory.

-Its can be used in any place like hotels,resturants,theaters etc.

-Fire alarm can also used as temperature sensors in some applications,when the
temperature goes up abruptly it can inform.

-Its can be used where human interaction is limited such as mines.


 
FUTURE SCOPE
-To overcome the disadvantages and looking for implementation of automatic fire
detection.
-In place of photodiode we can use microcontroller.
-Uses warning message and audio alert signal instead of buzzer.
CONCLUSION
A fire alarm is a device that detects the presence of fire and atmospheric
changes relating to smoke.
In some cases, a firm alarm is a part of a complete security system, in addition
to a burglary protection system.

The fire alarm operates to alert people to evacuate a location in which a fire or
smoke accumulation is present When functioning properly, a fire alarm will sound
to notify people of an immediate fire emergency.

REFERENCE:
(i)www.kitsguru.com
(ii)www.components101.com/ic-lm358-pinout
(iii)www.houstsuffworks.com/led.htm
(iv)www.houstsuffworks.com/speaker.htm
(v)www.electronicsforu.com.com
(vi)www.electronicshub.org/simple-fire-alarm
THANK YOU

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