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Changes of State s7

A change of state occurs when a substance transitions between solid, liquid, and gas phases. During a change of state, the energy and motion of the substance's particles change as they gain or lose kinetic energy. Though the substance's physical properties alter, the total mass remains constant as matter is conserved during any phase change.

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75 views16 pages

Changes of State s7

A change of state occurs when a substance transitions between solid, liquid, and gas phases. During a change of state, the energy and motion of the substance's particles change as they gain or lose kinetic energy. Though the substance's physical properties alter, the total mass remains constant as matter is conserved during any phase change.

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What is a change

in State?
● Changes in States
○ A change of a substance
from one physical state to
another.

○ Examples:
■ Water vapor to liquid
water.
■ Liquid water to ice.
What is a change
in State?
● Energy Gained or Lost
○ To change state, energy
must be added or removed.
○ Gaining or losing energy
changes the temperature of
a substance.
What happens to matter when a change of state
occurs?
● Energy / Motion of Particles.
○ Energy of the particles change.
○ The speed and the distance between particles change.
What happens to matter when a change of state
occurs?
● Energy / Motion of Particles.
■ Solids
● Vibrate in place, particles close together
What happens to matter when a change of state
occurs?
● Energy / Motion of Particles.
■ Liquids
● Move around
● Particles further apart.
What happens to matter when a change of state
occurs?
● Energy / Motion of Particles.
■ Gas-
● Move quickly
● Particles very far apart.
What is a change
in State?
● Melting
○ Solid becomes liquid.

○ Energy is added
■ Particles speed up.
■ Temperature rises

○ Melting point
■ Temperature at which
a substance changes
from a solid to a
liquid.
What is a change
in State?
● Vaporization
○ Process by which liquids or
solids change to a gas.
What is a change
in State?
● Sublimation
○ Change in state from a
solid directly into a gas.
(skips liquid phase)
■ Add heat
■ Atoms gain energy
■ Escape into the air as
a gas.
■ Example: Dry Ice
What is a change
in State?
● Evaporation
○ Add heat to a liquid
■ Atoms gain energy.
■ Move faster

○ Evaporation
■ Particles can escape
from the surface of a
liquid if enough heat
is added.
What is a change
in State?

● Boiling
○ A rapid change from a
liquid to a gas (vapor)

○ Boiling Point
■ The temperature at
which this occurs in a
liquid.
● 100°C
● 212°F
What is a change
in State?
● Condensation
○ The change in state from a
gas to a liquid.
■ Cooling a gas
■ Particles lose energy.
What is a change
in State?
● Deposition
○ Change in state from a gas
directly to a solid.
■ Substance cools.
■ Atoms lose energy
■ No liquid forms in the
process.
■ Example:
● Water vapor
turns into ice
crystals.
What is a change
in State?
● Freezing
○ Liquid becomes solid.

○ Loss of energy.
■ Particles slow down
■ Temperature cools

○ Freezing point
■ Temperature at which
a substance changes
into a solid.
■ Water = 0C or 32F
What happens to matter
when a change of state
occurs?
● Mass is Conserved
○ The amount of matter stays
the same during a phase
change.

○ The mass does not change


when its state changes.

○ Each state contains the


same amount of matter.
What happens to matter when a
change of state occurs?
● Mass is Conserved

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