Week - q1 State of Matter

Properties of Matter
What is Chemistry?
 The study of matter – its composition,
structure, properties & the changes it
undergoes
 Matter is anything that has mass and
takes up space.
Building Blocks of Matter:
 Atom– smallest particle of matter that
retains the identity of the substance
 Element – made up of only 1 type of
atom; can’t be separated into simpler
substances
 Compound – a combination of two or
more different elements that are
chemically combined
Properties of Matter:
All matter can be identified by its

properties – its characteristics and
behavior. Properties can be
described as either chemical or
physical, and intensive or
extensive.
Chemical Properties:
 Ability or inability of a substance to
combine with another substance or
change into a new substance
 Can only be observed when there is a
change in the composition of the
substance
 Always relates to a chemical change,
also called a chemical reaction.
Examples of Chemical Properties:
 Reactivity - “How does it react with
acids?” ; “Does it react with water?”
 Instability - tendency of substance to
breakdown into different substances
 Toxicity – how poisonous; chlorine,
lead
 pH – measure of acidity
 Flammability – the ease with which it will
burn
Physical Properties:
 Characteristics that can be observed or
measured
 They describe the substance itself
(alone)
 Don’t involve changes in composition
 Ex. Water is still H2O whether it is
liquid, ice or steam
Examples of Physical Properties
 Color
 Texture – how it feels: such as slimy, rough, fuzzy
 Malleability – can be hammered or rolled into a
sheet;
 Al foil
 Ductility – can be drawn into a wire
 copper electrical wire
 Mass - the amount of matter an object
contains
 5 grams of carbon
More Examples of Phys. Prop:
 Volume – the amount of space
occupied by an object
 a gal. of milk
 Density – mass per volume
unit
 compactness
 Solubility – the ability to
dissolve
 sugar in tea
 Conductivity – ability to transfer heat,
electricity or sound
2 Types of Physical Properties:

Intensive properties: do not change
with amount; are used for identification
Example 1-1: List some intensive properties:
Density, color, texture, boiling point,
freezing point, odor, etc
 2. Extensive properties: depend on the
amount of matter present; these change
constantly and therefore cannot be used for
identification
Example 1-2: List extensive properties
Mass, length, heat or temperature, weight, etc.
Physical and chemical properties can be qualitative
and quantitative descriptions of matter.
 Example1-3: Give an example

of a qualitative property.
The solution is clear blue; the solid is hard;
or the liquid boils at a low temperature
 Example 1-4: Give an example
of a quantitative property.
Density of iron is 7.86 g/mL; ice melts at 0oC; a
mass of 35.7 g of sodium chloride dissolves in
100 mL of water
Observations of properties can vary depending on
the conditions of the environment. Both physical
and chemical properties depend on temperature
and pressure. As a result, it is important to note
the specific conditions in which observations of
properties are made.
Example 1-5: Consider the three physical states of water – solid, liquid,
gas. How do the properties of water change as the temperature
changes?
Liquid water has a density of 1.00 g/mL & is not very

chemically reactive.
 Solid water (ice) has lower density.
 Gas water (steam), reacts chemically with several different
substances.
Physical Changes:
 Change in physical state but not its

composition; change in size, shape,
or phase
 Most physical changes are reversible
Example 1-6: Name examples of physical
changes. grinding, bending,
dissolving, splitting,
crushing, melting, boiling
Chemical Changes:
 Involve a NEW substance being
formed that has different properties
 Chemical changes are usually not
reversible
■ Example 1-7: Name examples of
chemical changes.
Indicators of Chemical Change:
 a color change
 a texture change
 a gas produced
 a precipitate formed (a solid product
which forms from the reaction of
two solutions)
 an obvious mass change
 temperature change
Classification of Matter:
The classification of matter is based on

the uniformity of the components that
make up the substance and the
characteristic properties of the
substance. As a result, all matter can
be separated into two broad
categories: pure substances or
mixtures.
Pure substance:
 Every sample has the same
properties & fixed composition
 Cannot be separated by simple
physical means; separated
chemically
 Can be either elements or
compounds
 Ex. Pure sucrose
(C12H22O11)
 Pure water (H2O)
Mixture:
 Combination of two or more
substances in which the identity of
each substance is not changed
 Do not have specific
combinations & do not interact with
each other
 Ex. White sugar mixed with white
sand; a tossed salad; vegetable soup
2 Kinds of Mixtures:
1. Homogeneous mixtures are the same
composition throughout. Always
has a single phase.
 Another name for homogeneous mixtures is
solution.
Solutions may contain solids, liquids, or gases.
 Ex. Air, carbonated soda, stainless steel
2. Heterogeneous mixtures are not blended
smoothly and individual substances
remain distinct.
 Ex. Granite, dirt, blood
Physical Separation:
 Filtration - a process of using a filter to
physically separate mixtures. Ex.
Using a screen to separate rocks from
sand.
 Distillation - Using evaporation as a means
of separating substances
 Chromatography - method of
separating mixtures by adsorption
 Magnetism – attraction for iron associate
with electric current and magnets
 Solubility – dissolving one substance in
another

Week - q1 State of Matter

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Week - q1 State of Matter

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Week - q1 State of Matter

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Properties of Matter

All matter can be identified by its

 Example1-3: Give an example

Liquid water has a density of 1.00 g/mL & is not very

 Change in physical state but not its

The classification of matter is based on

You might also like