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Reaction Vessel: Prepared By: Mrs. Janki Tailor

This document discusses reaction vessels used for chemical processes. It describes three types of reaction vessels: batch, continuous flow, and semi-batch. It also discusses heating systems for reaction vessels, including direct and indirect heating via jackets and coils. Design considerations and equations are provided for determining the thickness of vessel shells and heating jackets, including channel jackets and half coil jackets. An example problem is included to calculate thicknesses for different jacket types.

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583 views23 pages

Reaction Vessel: Prepared By: Mrs. Janki Tailor

This document discusses reaction vessels used for chemical processes. It describes three types of reaction vessels: batch, continuous flow, and semi-batch. It also discusses heating systems for reaction vessels, including direct and indirect heating via jackets and coils. Design considerations and equations are provided for determining the thickness of vessel shells and heating jackets, including channel jackets and half coil jackets. An example problem is included to calculate thicknesses for different jacket types.

Uploaded by

rutvik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reaction Vessel

PREPARED BY:
MRS. JANKI TAILOR
Reaction vessel
 Pressure vessels are used as reaction vessels or kettles for carrying out operations
such as blending, dispersion, gas absorption, dissolution, batch distillation etc. under
controlled conditions.
Classification of reaction vessels
 Batch reaction
 Continuous flow reactor
 Semi batch reactor
Heating systems
 Chemical reactions are accompanied by the absorption or liberation of heat.
 The reaction vessel must be provided with the means of supplying or removing heat of reaction.
 The rate of heat transfer is a function of the physical properties of the agitated liquid and the heating
and cooling medium, the vessel geometry, the material and the thickness of the vessel wall and the
degree of agitation.
Heating systems
 Direct heating
 Indirect heating
Indirect heating

 Jackets (generally for supplying heat0


 Coils (generally for removal of heat)
Jackets
Coils
Design of Channel Jacket
 Thickness of shell is given by equation

 Thickness of channel is given by equation


Design of channel jacket
Design of channel jacket
 Where, d = as shown in fig.
 P = Internal design jacket pressure
 f1 = Maximum allowable stress of shell material at design temperature
 f2 = Maximum allowable stress of jacket material at design temperature
 k1 = 0.167
 k2 = 0.12
 C = CA = corrosion allowance
 ts = shell thickness, in addition to internal pressure, thickness of shell should be checked
for jacket pressure
 tc = Thickness of channel
Design of half coil jacket
Design of half coil jacket
 Circumferential stress induced in coil at the junction of coil and shell is given by equation

 Longitudinal (axial) stress induced in coil is given by equation


Design of half coil jacket
 Where, P = design pressure inside half coil
 di = internal diameter of half coil
 tc’ = thickness of half coil excluding corrosion allowance
 ts’ = thickness of shell excluding corrosion allowance
 tc, thickness of half coil is determined by equation

 CA = corrosion allowance
Design of half coil jacket
 Total circumferential stress induced in shell fps is sum of the circumferential stress
induced in the shell due to internal pressure and fac

 P’ = internal design pressure for shell, p = coil side internal design pressure
 Due to the coil side pressure circumferential stress induced in shell in addition to
circumferential stress induced by inside pressure. This addition circumferential stress in
shell is equal to longitudinal stress induced in coil.
Design of half coil jacket
 Total longitudinal or axial stress induced in shell is given by equation –

 P’ = shell side internal design pressure


 P = coil side internal design pressure
 Di = Inside diameter of shell
 di = inside diameter of coil
Design of half coil jacket
 P = Max. pressure difference between coil and shell
 do = external diameter of coil
 ts = thickness of shell excluding CA
 fb = bending stress caused by distortion of shell at the junction with coil
Numerical
 Find out the thickness of shell of the reactor and thickness of jacket for the given
following three available options.
(a) reactor with plain jacket
(b) reactor with channel jacket
(c) reactor with half coil jacket
Given data:
Inside diameter of shell = 1500 mm
Inside diameter of jacket = 1600 mm
Shell length = 1500 mm
Diameter of half coil = 75 mm
Width of channel jacket = 75 mm
Numerical
 Internal design pressure for shell = 4 kgf/cm2
 Internal design pressure for jacket = 3 kgf/cm2
 Design temperature for both shell and jacket = 150 C
 Material of shell and jacket – SA 516 Gr70
 Maximum allowable stress at design temperature = 980 kgf/cm2
 Modulus of elasticity E = 19 × 105 kgf/cm2
 Poisson’s ratio  = 0.3
 Joint efficiency J = 0.85
 CA = 1.5 mm
Solution
 (a) Reactor with plain jacket
Thickness of shell subjected to internal pressure

Use t = 8 mm
Solution
 Thickness of plain jacket
 t = 4.387 mm
 Use 5 mm thick plate for plain jacket
Solution
 Reactor with channel jacket
Thickness of reactor shell, required to withstand internal pressure = 8 mm. with channel jacket, thickness
of shell should be checked by equation.
Shell should be checked by equation

ts = 4.69 mm
Use 8 mm thickness plate for shell thickness of channel jacket is given by equation

tc = 2.937 mm, tc = 3 mm

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