Instructor: Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing
Instructor
Dr. Deepak Kumar
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Plan For Today
 Course Objective and Course Outcomes
 Introduction to CAD/CAM
 Historical Development
 Industrial Look at CAD/CAM
Course Objectives
The objectives of the course are to enable the students to
 Understand the basic fundamentals of computer aided design and
manufacturing, history and Group Technology
 To learn 2D & 3D transformations of the basic entities like line,

circle, ellipse etc and also, representations of curves.
 To understand the mathematical representations of solids and

Surfaces
 To learn the NC programming, Flexible Manufacturing System and

computer aided process planning
Course Outcomes
At the end of the course the students shall be able to:
 Describe the CAD, its application and use of GT
Describe the mathematical basis in the technique of representation of

geometric entities including points, lines, and parametric curves, and the
technique of transformation of geometric entities using transformation
matrix
 Representation of Surfaces and Solid
Describe the FMS and CAPP for the product development NC coding
for Manufacturing
Introduction
• Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of
computer systems to assist in the creation,
modification, analysis, or optimization of a
design
• Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is
the use of computer systems to plan,
manage, and control the operations of a
manufacturing plant through direct or
indirect computer interface with plant’s
resources
Computer Automation
Geometry CAD
Graphics
CAD CAM
Design Manufacturing
CAD disciplines CAM disciplines

Origins of CAD
 The first source of CAD resulted from attempts to automate the drafting
process
 These developments were pioneered by the General Motors Research
Laboratories in the early 1960s
 CAD became more widely used after 1970 because of technological

advancements
 CAD allowed users to design products much quicker without the production
of an actual product
•Beginning in the 1980s Computer-Aided Design
programs reduced the need of draftsmen significantly.
•Their affordability and ability to run on personal

computers also allowed engineers to do their own
drafting work.
1960’s
 Development in Interactive computer graphics research
 Sketchpad system developed by Ivan Sutherland in 1962
 First major commercial CAD/CAM software available: CADAM by
Lockheed, in 1965
 Bell Telephone’s -Graphics 1 remote display system developed
1970’s
 Application of CAM in government, industry and academia
 National organization formed
 Beginning of usage of computer graphics
 Turnkey system available for drafting
 Wireframe and surface modeling software became available
 Mass property calculation and FEA software became available
 NC tape generating, verification, and integrated circuit software became
available
Uses of CAD
CAD is used to design a variety of different
products for a variety of fields such as
●
Architecture
●
Electronics
●
Automotive engineering
●
Industrial Design
●
Machinery
●
Visual Art
●
Medical Design
Design-Manufacturing Process
Old (before computer era)
Sketch with pencils
Engineering Drawing
with pencils
Manufacturing
Eng. Drawing-Assm http://modelenginenews.org/cardfile/m42.html
Eng. Drawing -Part
Manufacturing http://modelenginenews.org/cardfile/m42.html
Now………… with computer
CAD (Solid Modeling) CAE (Computer Aided
Engineering)
CAM (Computer Aided

Engineering Manufacturing) /Direct
Drawing Manufacturing
Manufacturing
CAD is a starting point of everything!

Check, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_design
CAE http://www.cob.unt.edu/slides/Peak/old%205130/Class%2010/Animatn/
CAM http://cadcamfunda.com.p.in.hostingprod.com/cadcam_softwares
http://blog.iqsdirectory.com/process-equipment/automation-equipm
CAM ent-lost-jobs-or-efficient-production/
How do CAD/CAM systems work?
• Developing NC code requires an understanding of:

1. Part geometry
2. Tooling
3. Process plans
4. Tolerances
5. Fixturing
• Most CAD/CAM systems provide access to:
1. Part geometry
2. Tooling
Components of CAD/CAM/CAE Systems
Hardware Components
• Graphic device is composed of a display
processing unit, a display device, and one or more
input devices
• Input devices:
– Mouse
– Space ball
– Data tablet with a puck or stylus
– Keyboard
• Output Devices:
– Plotters
– Color laser printers
Software Components
• CAD software allows the designer to create
and manipulate a shape interactively and
store it
• CAM software plans, manages and controls
the operations of a manufacturing site
• CAE software analyzes design geometry,
allowing designer to study product behavior
Windows-Based CAD Systems
• User interface is similar to Windows
• Employs component technology, in which best
key software elements are selected from
among available software
• Use object-oriented technology, which
modularizes the program
• Capable of either parametric or variational
modeling
• Internet support
CAD/CAM
• CAD/CAM = Computer Aided Design and

Computer Aided Manufacturing. It is the
technology concerned with the use of
computers to perform design and
manufacturing functions.
25
• CAD can be defined as the use of computer
systems to perform certain functions in the
design process.
• CAM is the use of computer systems to
plan, manage and control the operations of
manufacturing plant through either direct
or indirect computer interface with the
plant’s production resources.
26
The Product Cycle and CAD/CAM
In order to establish the scope and definition

of CAD/CAM in an engineering environment
and identify existing and future related tools,
a study of a typical product cycle is necessary.
The following Figure shows a flowchart of
such a cycle.
27
Typical Product Life Cycle
The Design Process
Design Collecting
Design definitions, relevant design
needs specifications,
and
requirements
information and
feasibility study Synthesis
Analysis The CAD Process
Design Design
Design Design Design Design
documentation and modeling and
evaluation optimization analysis conceptualization
communication simulation
The Manufacturing Process

Production
planning The CAM Process
Design and
procurement
Process
of new tools Quality Packaging
planning Production Shipping
control
Order
materials
NC, CNC, DNC

programming
Marketing
28
• The product begins with a need which is identified
based on customers' and markets' demands.
• The product goes through two main processes from
the idea conceptualization to the finished product:
1. The design process.
2. The manufacturing process.

The main sub-processes that constitute the design
process are:
3. Synthesis.
4. Analysis.
29

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Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Plan For Today

 Course Objective and Course Outcomes

 To learn 2D & 3D transformations of the basic entities like line,

 To understand the mathematical representations of solids and

 To learn the NC programming, Flexible Manufacturing System and

Describe the mathematical basis in the technique of representation of

CAD disciplines CAM disciplines

 CAD became more widely used after 1970 because of technological

•Their affordability and ability to run on personal

Sketch with pencils

CAM (Computer Aided

CAD is a starting point of everything!

• Developing NC code requires an understanding of:

• CAD/CAM = Computer Aided Design and

In order to establish the scope and definition

The Manufacturing Process

NC, CNC, DNC

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