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Arduino

This document provides an overview and instructions for programming an Arduino board to control lights and sounds. It introduces Arduino basics like installing the software, digital and analog input/output, and using variables. Code examples are provided to blink an LED, read a button press, and generate tones with a buzzer. The document proposes using these concepts to create a "Simon Says" type game with lights and sound.

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Hamza Niaz
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
45 views

Arduino

This document provides an overview and instructions for programming an Arduino board to control lights and sounds. It introduces Arduino basics like installing the software, digital and analog input/output, and using variables. Code examples are provided to blink an LED, read a button press, and generate tones with a buzzer. The document proposes using these concepts to create a "Simon Says" type game with lights and sound.

Uploaded by

Hamza Niaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Re-programming the Simon Says

with Arduino
Linz Craig, Brian Huang
Agenda
• About us / Introductions
• Software Installation
• What can it do? Who cares?
• Blink Sketch  Disco Lights
• Using Variables
• If() statement  reading buttonPress
• Analog Sensors  Fading
• Making Sound
About Us

SparkFun Electronics is all about creation,


innovation and sharing information. We want
to get you excited about cutting edge
electronics technology with our hands on
educational kits.
Arduino Board
“Strong Friend” Created in Ivrea, Italy
in 2005 by Massimo Banzi & David Cuartielles
Open Source Hardware
Atmel Processor
Coding is accessible (C++, Processing, ModKit and MiniBloq)
Arduino Software Installation

Open Source
Free
Available on-line with resources at:

www.arduino.cc
What can it do?
•Great for prototyping ideas

•Access to multiple I/O

•Drive motors, turn on lights,


trigger controls.

•Low Power requirements

•Flexible / Open-source
Who cares?
Hackers / Makers
Engineers
Artists
Musicians
Kids!
Teachers!!
You!!!
Setup Board Type
Tools →  Board →  Arduino Uno
Setup Serial COM Port
Tools →  Serial Port →  

Notes:

PC –
 Highest COM #
Mac –
/dev/tty.usbserial-A####xxx
Analog and Digital
• All Arduino signals are either Analog or Digital
• All computers including Arduino, only
understand Digital
• It is important to understand the difference
between Analog and Digital signals since Analog
signals require an Analog to Digital conversion
Input vs. Output
Everything is referenced from the perspective of the
microcontroller.

Inputs is a signal going into the board.


Output is any signal exiting an electrical system
•Almost all systems that use physical computing will have some
form of output

•Often – Outputs include LEDs, a motor, a servo, a piezo


element, a relay and an RGB LED
upload
Basic Program
Two required routines / methods
/ functions:

void setup()
{
// runs once
}

void loop()
{
// repeats forever!!!
}
Let’s get to hacking…

Project #1 – Blink
“Hello World” of Physical Computing

Psuedo-code – how should this work?


Three commands to know…

pinMode(pin, INPUT/OUTPUT);
ex: pinMode(13, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(pin, HIGH/LOW);
ex: digitalWrite(13, HIGH);

delay(time_ms);
ex: delay(2500);
LED Pin Configurations

LED1 = ~3;
LED2 = ~5;
10 3
LED3 = ~10;
LED4 = 13; 13 5

Can you figure out which LED is tied to which


pin? Write down a few notes in your notebook!
Output is always Digital

To output a signal that pretends to be Analog use this


code:

analogWrite (pinNumber, value );

Where pin is one of the analog output pins: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10,


11

Where value is a number ranging from: 0 – 255.


Output is always Digital
(ON or OFF)
Using a Digital signal that pretends to be an Analog signal is
called Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

By varying the duty cycle, we can “fake” an analog signal


output.

PWM is available on Arduino pins # 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11

P.W.M. Signal @ 25% P.W.M. Signal @ 75% P.W.M. Signal rising

SIMON_2b_BLINK
Using Variables
To clean-up code, for read-ability, and flexibility – we can create
placeholders in code.

Example:
int ledPin = 3;
void setup(){
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
}
void loop(){
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
}
Digital Input

int button_state = digitalRead(ButtonPin);

Value will be either: HIGH or LOW


Reading a button press

Button Input is normally HIGH –


when you press it, you pull it LOW.

The Code:

int buttonPress = digitalRead(2);


Activating the Internal Pull-up
Resistor
pinMode(pin, INPUT_PULLUP);
ex: pinMode(2, INPUT_PULLUP);

Notes:
BUTTON1 = 2;
BUTTON2 = 6;
BUTTON3 = 9;
BUTTON4 = 12;
Button Pin Configurations

BUTTON1 = 2;
BUTTON2 = 6;
9 2
BUTTON3 = 9;
BUTTON4 = 12; 12 6

Can you figure out which Button is tied to which


pin? Write down a few notes in your notebook!
Conditional Statements
If…

General Use Example


if(condition) if(button_State==HIGH)
{ {
// do this digitalWrite(ledPin,
HIGH);
delay(300);
}
digitalWrite(ledPin,
LOW);
delay(300);
}
Digital Input
• To connect digital input to your Arduino use Digital Pins #
0 – 13 (Although pins # 0 & 1 are also used for serial)

• Digital Input needs a pinMode command:


pinMode ( pinNumber, INPUT );
Make sure to use caps for INPUT

• To get a digital reading: digitalRead ( pinNumber );

• Digital Input values are only HIGH (On) or LOW (Off)


Last bit… the buzzer
SIMON_3_BUZZER

Final command to know:

tone(pin, freq, duration);

pin – the OUTPUT pin the buzzer is connected to.


freq – unsigned int (0 … 65,535)
duration – unsigned long (0 … 2^32 - 1)
Buzzer Pins

The Buzzer is connected between pins D4 and


D7.
You must set both pins as OUTPUTs –
pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(7, OUTPUT);

Use tone(4, 440); to generate a 440 Hz


sound.
Musical Notes / Frequencies
Note  Frequency (Hz) Note  Frequency (Hz)
C4 261 C5 523
C#4/Db4 277 C#5/Db5 554
D4 293 D5 587
D#4/Eb4 311 D#5/Eb5 622
E4 329 E5 659
F4 349 F5 698
F#4/Gb4 369 F#5/Gb5 739
G4 392 G5 783
G#4/Ab4 415 G#5/Ab5 830
A4 440 A5 880
A#4/Bb4 466 A#5/Bb5 932
B4 493 B5 987
Simon DiscoMode
• Array variables
• custom functions
• buzz(tone_id);
• change_led();
Questions?
www.sparkfun.com
6175 Longbow Drive, Suite 200
Boulder, Colorado 80301

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