Catheters and Guide Wires: Presenter: Omkar Gaonkar Course: M.SC., Mit 2 SEM Moderator: Kayalvizhi R DATE:26/03/2019

CATHETERS AND GUIDE
WIRES
PRESENTER: OMKAR GAONKAR

COURSE: M.SC., MIT 2ND SEM
MODERATOR: KAYALVIZHI R
DATE:26/03/2019
INTRODUCTION
• It is a hollow tube for insertion into a body cavity, duct or vessel to allow
the passage of fluid or distend a passage way
CHARACTERISTICS OF IDEAL
CATHETER
• Good torquability
• Radio-opacity
• Flexible atraumatic tip
• Low surface frictional resistance
• Good tractability over a guide wire
• Radiolucent :- for visualizing air bubble, guide wire
MATERIAL USED FOR CATHETER
TEFLON POLYETHYELENE POLYMATHANE
Lowest coefficient of Moderate coefficient of

Same as polyethylene
friction friction
Excellent memory Softer than teflon Having better torque control
Ability to withstand high Sterilized with hot / cold

temperature (Autoclaved ) gas
CLASSIFICATION OF CATHETERS
1) Diagnostic angiographic catheters

2) Micro catheters
3) Drainage catheters
4) Balloon catheters
5) Central venous catheters
1. DIAGNOSTIC ANGIOGRAPHIC
CATHETERS
Side hole
o Single hole at the end
o End hole with side hole
o Blocked end hole with side hole only
Advantages of side hole

 Bolus contrast
 Increase in rate of contrast media injection
 No recoil of catheter tip
 Minimizes the risk of dissecting the artery
SIZES OF SHAPES
CATHETERS
• Abdomen  6- 80 cm in length 1. Straight catheter
• Thoracic and carotid arteries  2. Pigtail catheter

100 -120 cm 3. Cobra shaped catheter
• Diameter of lumen of catheters 4. Side winder catheter (shepherd )
depends on age , type of study and
size of vessels
Catheters size is numbered in F/
gauge
1 F = 0.0131 inch = 0.033 mm
1 inch = 254 mm
1mm=0.394 inch
CATHETERS USED FOR DIFFERENT STUDIES
I.For global injections (aortogram)
1. Straight catheter :-with multihole used for jet injections
2. Pigtail catheter :- used for ventricle and arch of aorta
CEREBRAL CATHETER
1) Hinck –Hilal catheter ( Head-Hunter) used for 4 vessel cerebral
angiogram
2) Bentson Hanafee Wilson (JB2,JB3)
3) Simmons(SIM2) for more tortuous and elongated arch
VISCERAL CATHETER
1) Shepherd’s hook/hockey stick catheter
2.COBRA HEAD CATHETER
CORONARY CATHETER
1) JUDKINS CATHETER ( JL4, JL5 AND JL6)
2. AMPLATZ CATHETER (AL 1,AL 4)
3. SONES CORONARY CATHETER
RENAL CATHETER
• SELECTIVE:- simmons and sidewinder
RDC (renal double curved selective catheter)
SEMISELECTIVE :- 6 side holes proximal to tapered part
• RENAL DOUBLE CURVED SELECTIVE CATHETER
MICROCATHETER
• 3 F or smaller
• Designed for distal catheterization
• Placed over 0.010-0.018 guide wire
• Used mostly for neuro interventional , peripheral interventional to select

smaller vessels for embolization or infusion
• They have distal platinum marker otherwise it is not radio opaque

DRAINAGE CATHETER
• Used for drainage of fluid collection including :-
o Nephrostomy
o Abscess
o Biliary gall bladder
o Ascites
o Lymphoceles
URINE DRAINAGE
BILIARY GALLBLADDER DRAINAGE
BALLOON CATHETER
• Either very soft and pliable as occlusion balloon to clear thrombosis or can be
rigid and used for dilatation
• Balloon for dilatation can be divided into 2 main categories regarding the size of
guide wire over they are placed
• The balloon used for coronary angiography and also in peripheral and neuro-
radiologic procedure are smaller ones mounted on 0.018-0.024 size guide wire
• Most peripheral interventional are performed with 0.035 wire balloon system
BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY CATHETER
1. Porst mann’s korsetts balloon catheter
2. Dotter’s coaxial catheter
3. Caged balloon catheter
4. PVC balloon catheter
CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER
There are 3 categories of catheter
1. Non-tunnelled catheter
• this catheters are placed via central veins by blinded percutaneous technique
• They are used for short term access
2. TUNNELLED CATHETER
• THEY CAN BE ACCESSED EXTERNALLY AND ARE DESIGNED FOR
LONG TERM HOME USE
3. IMPLANTED SUBCUTANEOUS PORT
• THESE ARE ATTACHED TO THE PORT THAT IS BURIED
SUBCUTANEOUSLY FOR STABILIZATION
• THEY CAN BE USED FOR LONG TERM
• SUBCUTANEOUS PORTS ARE AVAILABLE IN SINGLE AND
DUAL PORT CONFIGURATION AND MAY BE PLACED EITHER
ON CHEST WALL OR THE UPPER ARM
STERILIZATION OF CATHETER
• CATHETER SHOULD BE WASHED IN WATER AND AIR JETS SO THE CLOT IN
THE CATHETER LUMEN WILL COME OUT
• CATHETER ARE STERILIZED IN SOLUTION OF QUARTERNARY AMMONIUM

COMPOUNDS OR GAS AS RIGIDITY AND ELASTICITY OF POLYETHYLENE IS
LOST ABOVE 75 DEGREE CELSIUS
• SOME GERMICIDAL SOLUTION REQUIRE ONLY 10-15 MIN
• TEFLON ,NYLON AND DACRON CATHETER MAY BE AUTOCLAVED IF

TEMPERATURE DOES NOT EXCEED 121 DEGREES CELSIUS AND PRESSURE
NOT MORE THAN 15 POUNDS FOR 15 MIN
• WHEN CATHETER IS AUTOCLAVED IT SHOULD BE COILED IN A CIRCLE OF

8 INCH(20 CM) IN DIAMETER
GUIDE WIRES
GUIDE WIRE IS THIN WIRE LIKE STRUCTURE MADE UP OF
STAINLESS STEEL WHICH HELPS IN EASY ATRAUMATIC PLACEMENT
OF CATHETER .
TYPE OF GUIDE WIRES
1.SOLID GUIDE WIRE
• REDUCE CATHETER TIP FLARING
• BLOOD CLOTHING ON THE GUIDE WIRE WONT BE THERE
• ABRASION OF BLOOD VESSEL
2.WRAPPED GUIDE WIRE

• VERSATILITY IS THERE
• TO AVOID DAMAGE TO VESSEL THEY COAT IT WITH HEPARIN
AND TEFLON
• BOTH TYPE OF CONFIGURATION CAN BE USED
CORE OF GUIDE WIRE
1.FIXED CORE GUIDE WIRE
• USED FOR NORMAL VASCULAR STRUCTURE
• KEEPS THE GUIDE WIRE IN ORIGINAL SHAPE
2.MOVABLE CORE GUIDE WIRE

• HAS A HANDLE (MANDRILL) THAT HELPS TO ADJUST POSITION OF
CORE WITHIN GUIDE WIRE
• MORE FLEXIBLE
TIP OF GUIDE WIRE
1.STRAIGHT TIP GUIDE WIRE
• 3 CM TIP LENGTH
2.J-SHAPED TIP GUIDE WIRE

• 10 – 15 CM IN LENGTH
MEASUREMENTS OF DAIMETERS
GUIDE WIRE
• LENGTH 30- 260 CM OF GUIDE • 0.014 INCH – 0.052 INCH RANGE

WIRE FULL LENGTH OF GUIDE WIRES
• 30- 50CM FOR PERCUTANEOUS • 0.035 INCH – 0.038 INCH GUIDE

OR DIRECT VASCULAR WIRE USED COMMONLY
PUNCTURE
• 100- 150 CM FOR SELECTIVE
ANGIOGRAPHY
• 260 CM FOR INTERCHANGING
VASCULAR CATHETER
HOW TO SELECT GUIDE WIRE
• SIZE OF NEEDLE GAUGE
• SIZE OF THE VESSEL
• SIZE OF LUMEN OF VASCULAR CATHETER
SAFETY TIPS FOR USING GUIDE WIRE
• BEND THE TIP 180 DEGREE
• VISUAL INSPECTION
• CHECK FOR THE CORE
• NO FORCE SHOULD BE APPLIED WHILE ADVANCING A GUIDE WIRE
• NEEDLE BEVEL END POSITION
• DO NOT CLEAN GUIDE WIRE WITH TOO MUCH OF SALINE AS THERE
IS CHANCES OF RUSTING
STERILIZATION OF GUIDE WIRE
• GUIDE WIRE ARE STERILIZED USING AUTOCLAVED.

THANK YOU

Catheters and Guide Wires: Presenter: Omkar Gaonkar Course: M.SC., Mit 2 SEM Moderator: Kayalvizhi R DATE:26/03/2019

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CATHETERS AND GUIDE

PRESENTER: OMKAR GAONKAR

TEFLON POLYETHYELENE POLYMATHANE

Lowest coefficient of Moderate coefficient of

Excellent memory Softer than teflon Having better torque control

Ability to withstand high Sterilized with hot / cold

1) Diagnostic angiographic catheters

Advantages of side hole

• Abdomen  6- 80 cm in length 1. Straight catheter

• Thoracic and carotid arteries  2. Pigtail catheter

• Designed for distal catheterization

• Placed over 0.010-0.018 guide wire

• Used mostly for neuro interventional , peripheral interventional to select

• They have distal platinum marker otherwise it is not radio opaque

• CATHETER ARE STERILIZED IN SOLUTION OF QUARTERNARY AMMONIUM

• SOME GERMICIDAL SOLUTION REQUIRE ONLY 10-15 MIN

• TEFLON ,NYLON AND DACRON CATHETER MAY BE AUTOCLAVED IF

• WHEN CATHETER IS AUTOCLAVED IT SHOULD BE COILED IN A CIRCLE OF

2.WRAPPED GUIDE WIRE

2.MOVABLE CORE GUIDE WIRE

2.J-SHAPED TIP GUIDE WIRE

• LENGTH 30- 260 CM OF GUIDE • 0.014 INCH – 0.052 INCH RANGE

• 30- 50CM FOR PERCUTANEOUS • 0.035 INCH – 0.038 INCH GUIDE

• GUIDE WIRE ARE STERILIZED USING AUTOCLAVED.

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