MOTION

By Sandeep Verma
 Reference Point
A Reference Point is fixed point considered in Line , surface or space so that motion can
be described easily by locating the Position of the object.
 Motion
A body is said to be in a motion, if it’s position changes with time.
Thus if a body changes its position with time , it is said to be MOVING otherwise it is at REST.

DISTANCE

ACCELERATION
DISPLACEMENT

VELOCITY SPEED
SCALAR AND VECTOR QUANTITIES
Scalar Quantity : Any physical quantity , which can be completely specified by its magnitude, is known as Scalar Quantity.
Eg : Speed , distance , time , temperature , Energy etc.

Vector Quantity : The quantity , which can be determined by its magnitude and the direction, is known as Vector Quantity.
Eg : Displacement , Velocity , acceleration , force etc.

1. Which of the following is a vector quantity ? 2. Which of the following is not a vector quantity ?
a. Distance a. Displacement
b. Displacement b. Velocity
c. Speed c. Force
d. Kinetic Energy d. Speed
 Distance Displacement
Distance AND Displacement
The complete length of the path
Distance: The shortest distance between
travelled by an object to go two points is called
 It is the actual length of path covered by a moving particle. from one point to another is displacement
called distance
 It is a scalar quantity.
 Its SI unit is metre (m)
Distance is a scalar quantity, Displacement is a vector
Displacement: which means it only has a quantity which means it has
magnitude magnitude and direction
 It is the shortest distance from the initial and final
position of the particle.
 It is vector quantity. Distance can only have positive Displacement can have both
values positive and negative values
 It’s SI unit is metre (m)

Displacement depends only on

Distance depends on the length
the initial and final point
of the path travelled regardless of the path travelled
Q 1. A person moves in a circular path Q 2. A body moves from A to B and come back then
centered at O of radius 1 m. He starts from A goes to point C . Find Distance and Displacement of
and reaches diametrically opposite point B. the journey.
Then find :
a) Distance between A and B
b) Displacement between A and B
 What gives us idea of how slow or fast body is moving ?

It’s Speed Speed of a body is the distance travelled by it per unit time

 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑
Speed = 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛
  The SI unit of Speed is metres per second , m/s or or

Speed is a Scalar Quantity

The speed of a running car at any instant of time is shown by an instrument called SPEEDOMETER

The speedometer gives the speed in Kmph

The Distance travelled by the car is measured by another instrument called ODOMETER
 The speed of a car (or any body) gives us an idea of how fast the car is moving
but it does not tell us the direction in which the car is moving.

Velocity
Velocity of a body is the distance travelled by it per unit time in a given direction.

 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒂 𝒈𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

Velocity = 𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝑻𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏

  is known as Displacement.

 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
Velocity = 𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝑻𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏

𝑻𝒉𝒆
  𝑺𝑰 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝒂𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍
  𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅
Average Speed = 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝑻𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏
Velocity is a Vector Quantity
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
Note : The velocity of a body can be changed in two ways Average Velocity =   𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝑻𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏
• By changing the speed of the body
• By keeping the speed constant but by changing the direction.
Note : Speed and velocity are not Always equal in Magnitude.
• The magnitude of speed and velocity of a moving body is equal only if the body moves in a straight line.
• If body does not move in a single straight line , then the speed and velocity of the body are not equal.

1. The speed of a moving object is 2. In which of the following case of 3. Knot is a unit of ______________ ?
determined to be 0.06 m/s. This motion, the distance moved and the a. Speed
speed is equal to : magnitude of the displacement are b. Distance
a. 2.16 km/h equal ? c. Force
b. 1.08 km/h a. If the car is moving on straight road d. Acceleration
c. 0.216 km/h b. If the car is moving on circular road
d. 0.0216 km/h c. If the pendulum moving to and fro Knot is a unit of speed equal to one
d. If a planet is moving around the sun nautical mile per hour.
1 knot = 1.852 km/h
It is used the field of meterological,
maritime and air navigation.
PHYSICAL QUANTITY Scalar Quantity has only
MIND MAP
Magnitude

SCALAR Distance is the actual length of path

covered by a moving particle. SI unit is
DISTANCE metre ‘m’.
VECTOR
Vector quantity has both
magnitude as well as
direction
Displacement is the
DISPLACEMEN shortest distance from
VELOCITY MOTION
T the initial and final
position of the particle.
It’s SI unit is metre (m)
 Velocity of a body is the
distance travelled by it
per unit time in a given
direction.
 
Speed of a body is the distance
SPEED
travelled by it per unit time. The SI
unit of Speed is metres per second ,
m/s or or
 What we learnt ……
 a. Scalar Quantity has only Magnitude
b. Vector quantity has both magnitude as well as direction
c. Distance is the actual length of path covered by a moving particle. SI unit is metre
‘m’.
d. Displacement is the shortest distance from the initial and final position of the
particle. It’s SI unit is metre (m)
e. Speed of a body is the distance travelled by it per unit time. The SI unit of Speed is
metres per second , m/s or or
f. Velocity of a body is the distance travelled by it per unit time in a given direction.
g. The speed of a running car at any instant of time is shown by an instrument called
SPEEDOMETER
h. The Distance travelled by the car is measured by another instrument called
ODOMETER
 Quiz Time
1. Which of the following can sometime be ‘ZERO’ for moving body ?
I. Average velocity II. Distance travelled III. Average speed IV. Displacement
a. Only I
b. I and II
c. I and IV
d. Only IV

  Which of the following could not be a unit of

2.
speed ?
a. km/h
b. s/m
c. m/s

  A particle is moving in a circular path of radius

3.
‘r’. The displacement after half a circle would be :
a. 0
b. 2r

c. 2
 Quiz Time
4. The physical quantity which gives both , the speed and the   Name the physical quantity whose SI unit is .
5.
direction of motion of a body is called it’s _____________ . a. Speed
a. Distance b. Velocity
b. Vector c. Distance
c. Scalar d. Both (a) and (b)
d. Velocity
Speed of a body is the distance
Velocity of a body is the distance
travelled by it per unit time
travelled by it per unit time in a given
direction. 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑
 
Speed = 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛
Let’s play Game 6

1
T
Across
5
1. Measurement of length
2. Rate of motion 2 E
3. When object changes position
4. Quantity having both magnitude and direction
S
Down 3
5 M N
5. The speed and direction of object 4
6. A measurement of a distance C