CLASS 8 SCIENCE:

REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS

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LET’S HAVE
FUN!
Match the
animals with
their young
ones.

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 REPRODUCTION
It is an essential life process that is required to continue the species.

MODES OF REPRODUCTION

Sexual Asexual
The type of reproduction beginning The type of reproduction in which
from the fusion of male and female only a single parent is involved is
gametes is known as sexual called asexual reproduction.
reproduction.

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 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Fusion of Offspring
Zygote
the gametes

MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

Sperm is a
single cell
component

Penis

The testes (2) produce the million male gametes called sperms↑.
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 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Oviduct (Matured egg is released here)

Ovary Single cell

Uterus
(Development (Produces one ovum
of the baby (egg) every month)
takes place
here)

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  FERTILISATION
Millions of sperms come in
contact with the ovum

One of the sperms fuses with the

ovum

Nucleus of the sperm fuses with the nucleus of the ovum and a zygote is formed

The zygote is formed due to the sperm and the egg and thus the child inherits or
receives characteristics from the father and the mother.

Who do you resemble more?

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 Internal Fertilisation:

Fertilisation which takes place inside the body of the female is called
internal fertilisation. For example: as in humans, dogs, cows, birds etc.

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External Fertilisation: Fertilisation which takes place outside the body of
the female is called external fertilisation. It is very common in aquatic
animals, such as fish, starfish and amphibians (animals who live in water as
well as on land such as frog).

 During spring or rainy season, frogs and toads move to ponds and river. When
the male and female come together in water, the female lays the eggs, the male
deposits sperms over them. Each sperm swims randomly in water with the help
of its long tail. The sperms then come in contact with the eggs.
These animals produce a large number of eggs unlike humans. Why do you
think so?
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QUICK RECAP!! 

(Click on the video above)

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  DEVELOPMENT OF AN EMBRYO
Development of embryo takes place in
the female reproductive system through
following steps:

1. Every month, a single egg comes out

of the ovary and reaches the fallopian
tube of female reproductive system.

2. During copulation, sperms reach the

Fallopian tube where a sperm fertilizes
the egg. This results in formation of
zygote.

3.The zygote divides repeatedly to give rise to a ball of cells. The cells then
begin to form groups that develop into different tissues and organs of the body.
This developing structure is termed an embryo.

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4. The embryo gets implanted in the wall of the uterus for further
gradually developed the body parts such as hands, legs, head, eyes, ears,
etc.

5. The stage of the embryo in which all the body parts can be identified is
called a foetus. When the development of the foetus is complete, the
mother gives birth to the baby.

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 Formation of Egg Shell in Hens:

Internal fertilization

zygote divides continuously

moves to the oviduct and many protective

layers are formed (hard shell for the chick)

the hen lays the egg

3 weeks to develop into a chick

The hen sits on the eggs to provide sufficient

warmth.

After the chick is completely developed it

bursts open the egg shell.
 
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VIVIPAROUS  OVIPAROUS
ANIMALS ANIMALS
The animals which
Those animals
give birth to young
which lay eggs are
ones are called
called oviparous
viviparous animals.  
animals. Examples –
Examples- Human
hen, frog etc.
being, dog, cows.

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QUICK RECAP!! 

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  YOUNG ONES TO ADULTS

• Direct Development: 
When the young ones of an animal
resemble the adult, then direct
development takes place, e.g. hen,
man, monkey, etc.

• Indirect Development: 
When the young ones of an animal
do not resemble the adult, then
indirect development takes place,
e.g. frog, butterfly, silk moth, etc.

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• Metamorphosis: In case of indirect development, transformation of young ones into
adult through drastic changes is called metamorphosis. Larva of butterfly undergoes
metamorphosis to become a butterfly. A tadpole undergoes metamorphosis to become
a frog.

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 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
The process of reproduction in which new individuals are produced from single
parent. Example - Microorganisms.

1. Budding: 
This reproduction method is seen in those multi cellular animals which are
highly simple in structure. A small bud or bulge develops on the body. After
developing the bud, it gets detached from the parent’s body to begin life as a
new individual. Since new individuals develop from the buds, this type of
asexual reproduction is called budding Examples: Hydra and sponges.
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2. Binary Fission:
This method of reproduction is seen in unicellular animals, example- amoeba. In
this method, an organism divides and forms two daughter cells. First the nucleus
divides and forms two daughter nuclei. Then the cytoplasm in the mother cell
divides into two daughter cells. This leads to the formation of the two daughter
cells each having a nucleus and its own cell organelles which then develop into a
fully formed adult. Example- Paramaecium, Leishmania etc.

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Cloning:
Cloning is process of production of an exact copy of a cell, any other living
part, or a complete organism. Cloning process of an animal was successfully
performed for the first time by Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at the Roslin
Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland. They cloned successfully a sheep named
Dolly.

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 Mind Map
Asexual Reproduction Two Modes :
1. Budding Sexual and Asexual
2. Binary Fission
Cloning

REPRODUCTION Male and

IN ANIMALS female
reproductive
Direct and Indirect systems
devp.
Metamorphosis

Oviparous Fertilisation
and – Internal
Viviparous and external
Development
of the embryo 20
THANK YOU!!

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