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Capitalization and Punctuation

The student reads a letter describing their friend Susan who has been feeling dizzy and went to see the doctor, who gave her medicine and she is starting to recover, and the friend asks the student to visit Susan.

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Ianztky Albert
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203 views42 pages

Capitalization and Punctuation

The student reads a letter describing their friend Susan who has been feeling dizzy and went to see the doctor, who gave her medicine and she is starting to recover, and the friend asks the student to visit Susan.

Uploaded by

Ianztky Albert
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A student reads a letter/email with a puzzled look.

What is the problem of the student in the picture?


Dear Anne,

I write this letter because I like to make it clear to


you what happened to my sister who is your friend
Susan has been dizzy for a week her teacher advised her
to see the doctor and she did the doctor gave her
medicine she took the medicine and has recovered a bit
she asks me to see you and tell you about her.
CAPITALIZATION
RULES and
PUNCTUATION MARKS
CAPITALIZATION
RULES
WHAT IS
CAPITALIZATION?

 Capitalization is writing the first


letter of a word in a capital letter
and the rest in lower-case letters.
CAPITALIZATION RULES

 the first letter of the first word of every


sentence
Examples:
This class is full of talented students.
Don’t lose hope.
CAPITALIZATION RULES

Examples:
 Proper Maria Delos Santos
nouns the Philippines
Colgate
CAPITALIZATION RULES

 Adjectives derived from proper nouns

Examples:
Canadian citizen
CAPITALIZATION RULES

 the Pronoun Examples:


“I” and all of
I I’ll
its
contractions
I’m I’d
CAPITALIZATION RULES

 Nouns and pronouns that pertain to God

Examples:
Do not worry for He is our God.
CAPITALIZATION RULES

 Most acronyms (Acronyms that turned into proper


words, for example: laser, are excluded. Also, some
acronyms do not capitalize some of their letters.)
Examples:
LotR for Lord of the Rings
CAPITALIZATION RULES

 Titles of bodies of work (nouns, pronouns,


adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and subordinate
conjunctions; articles and coordinating
conjunctions are excluded)
Examples:
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
PUNCTUATION
MARKS
WHAT IS PUNCTUATION?

 Punctuation is the system of symbols (. , ! - :


etc) that we use to separate sentences and
parts of sentences, and to make their meaning
clear. Each symbol is called a "punctuation
mark".
PERIOD or FULL STOP

 used in declarative or telling sentences


Ex. Jane and Jack went to the market.
 used to indicate an abbreviation
Ex. Doctor (Dr.) Mister (Mr.)
COMMA
 used to separate elements in a sentence
Ex. Suzi wanted the black, green, and blue dress.
 when used in a compound sentence
Ex. We went to the movies, and then we went out to
lunch.
 in letter writing
Ex. Dear Father,
COLON VS. SEMICOLON
COLON SEMICOLON
COLON

 when introducing a list or series


Ex. He was planning to study four subjects: politics,
philosophy, sociology and economics.
 when introducing a statement or explanation
Ex. I didn't have time to get changed: I was already
late.
COLON

 when ending the formal opening in a business


letter
Ex. Hello, Ms. Pabilona:
 when indicating time
Ex. 6:40 p.m.
SEMICOLON
 used to connect independent clauses. It shows a closer
relationship between the clauses than a period does
Ex. Jim loves chocolate; his wife hates it.
The books I have left in my bag are “The Great
Gatsby” by F. Scott Fitzgerald; “The Old Man and the Sea”
by Ernest Hemingway; and “The Talisman” by Stephen
King.
QUESTION MARK

 to indicate a direct question when placed at


the end of a sentence
Ex. When did Jane leave for the
market?
EXCLAMATION POINT
 used when a person wants to express a sudden
outcry or add emphasis
- Within dialogue:
"Holy cow!" screamed Jane.
- To emphasize a point:
My mother-in-law's rants make me furious!
APOSTROPHE

 used to indicate the omission of a letter or letters from


a word, the possessive case, or the plurals of lowercase
letters
- Omission of letters from a word/contractions:
I've seen that movie several times. She wasn't the
only one who knew the answer.
APOSTROPHE

- Possessive case:
Sara's dog bit the neighbor.
- Plural for lowercase letters:
Six people were told to mind their p's and q's.
QUOTATION MARKS

 a pair of punctuation marks used primarily to mark the


beginning and end of a passage attributed to another
and repeated word for word. They are also used to
indicate meanings and to indicate the unusual or
dubious status of a word.
Ex. "Don't go outside," she said.
QUOTATION MARKS

 Single quotation marks (' ') are used most


frequently for quotes within quotes.
Ex. Marie told the teacher, "I saw Marc at the
playground, and he said to me 'Bill started the
fight,' and I believed him."
ELLIPSIS

 indicates the omission or removal of a word,


sentence, or a section of a text without altering its
meaning
 also means that the sentence was left unfinished
to build tension or to allow the reader to speculate
what would happen
ELLIPSIS

- Omission of words: She began to count, "One, two,


three, four…" until she got to 10, then went to find him.
- Within a quotation: When Newton stated, "An object
at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in
motion..." he developed the law of motion.
DASH

 used to indicate an abrupt break or change in thought


and construction of a sentence
Ex. She gave him her answer – No!
On the line table lie all his papers – all
hundreds of piles of them.
from 1 – 10
HYPHEN

 used to join two or more words together into a


compound term and is not separated by spaces
Ex. part-time
back-to-back
well-known
PARENTHESES

 curved notations used to contain further thoughts or


qualifying remarks. However, parentheses can be
replaced by commas without changing the meaning
in most cases.
Ex. John and Jane (who were actually half brother
and sister) both have red hair.
BRACKETS

 the squared off notations ([]) used for technical


explanations or to clarify meaning. If you remove
the information in the brackets, the sentence will
still make sense.
Ex. He [Mr. Jones] was the last person
seen at the house.
SHORT QUIZ
when amber was walking at the park her
dog started barking she looked up and gasped
oh no there is a horse running wild what can i
do she used her phone and called emergency
there is a horse running wild i cant catch it
and cant run away help
CONFIDENTIAL
(1)When (2)Amber was walking at the park
(3), her dog started barking(4). (5)She looked up
and gasped(6), (7)“(8)Oh no(9)! (10)There is a
horse running wild(11). (12)What can (13)I
do(14)?” (15)She used her phone and called
emergency (16). (17)“ (18)There is a horse
running wild (19). (20)I can(21) 't catch it and
can(22)’t run away (23). (24)Help (25)!”

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