IOT (Internet Of

Things)
By:Hardik ,Diksha, Vaibhav , Yash ,
Nishkarsh ,

1
intro of iot
● IOT-the internet of things describes the network of physical objects
“things”-that are embeded with sensors,software and other technologies
for the purpose of connection and exchanging data with other devices
and systems over the internet.
● Simply we can say—
● --hardware+software
● --control devices
● --moniter devices
● --analysis data sets
intranet/internet
● Intranet –a local or restricted communication network , especially a
private network created using worldwide web software.
--------->

● Internet-the internet is the vast network that connects computers all over
the world. Through the internet, people can share information and
communicate from anywhere with an internet connection.

------------>
 Cloud:
It is a technology used to store data related to our project and act as a medium to read and write data.

There are many cloud providing organizations like Oracle,

ThingSpeak, IBM Watson, AWS and many others.
 IP address:
IP address is Internet Protocol Address. It is a numerical label
assigned to a device which is connected to a computer
network that uses internet protocol for communication.

• Public IP Address
(for all over the internet)
• Local IP Address
(for local area)
 Embedded system

An embedded system is a combination of a processor, memory ,and

input/output peripheral devices that has a dedicated function within a larger
mechanical or electrical system.
As its name suggests,an embedded system can be thought of as a
computer hardware system having software embedded in it.
Hardware

Processing
Input and Output
Storing
Software
 IDE
• An integrated development environment (IDE) is a
software application that provides comprehensive
facilities to computer programmers for software
development. IDE
• An IDE normally consists of at least a source code
editor, build automation tools and a debugger. Pc/laptop
• Embedded programming is used to write instruction
for the microcontroller to perform specific action or Connect
via
task. USB
• We will use arduino IDE for embedded programming
for Arduino boards.

Development
board
 Microcontroller:
Microcontrollers can be thought of as tiny computers that are added to any physical object or space to give it a 'brain. ' They contain
one or more computer processors, along with memory and programmable input/output peripherals — all in a single integrated
circuit. It is clock driven, register based, accepts input and provides output after processing it as per the instructions stored in the
memory.
Arduino:
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on hardware and software.
Arduino Boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button - and
turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something
online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the
microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Programming language (based
on Wiring), and the Arduino software (IDE) based on Processing.
 A sensor is a device , module , whose

Sensor
purpose is to detect changes in its
environment and send the information
to other electronics , frequently a
computer

Example of sensors are temperature

sensors, IR sensors, ultrasonic
sensors, pressure sensors, and
touch sensors , etc are frequently
used in most electronics applications

10
Sensor have
three pins
One pin is the ground(gnd), one pin is of
power input i.e vcc and one pin is of
data.
 SKETCH WRITING
In IDE :The set of instructions or code which we write to gives
instructions to the microcontroller or embedded system is called
sketch .
In sketch writing we have to use a IDE software in which we use a
programming language for embedded programming.
In this we have two segments one is void setup() and second is void
loop().
In void setup() the statement is executed only once
In void loop() the statement is for continue execution till the
conditional statement is true.
After compiling / verifying if it doesn’t show any error then we
upload it into our microcontroller or embedded system
 int ir_sensor = 2;
int led=3;
void setup() {
SKETCH
pinMode(ir_sensor,INPUT);
pinMode(led,OUTPUT); WRITING
// put your setup code here, to run once:

void loop() {
. if(ir_sensor==HIGH) Led ON when IR
{ sensor detects an
digitalWrite(led,HIGH);
}
object
else
{
digitalWrite(led,LOW);
}
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

13
We will use MIT APP INVENTOR to
develop our app.

First of all make your account on MIT APP INVENTOR.

After your account is created the home page of MIT
APP INVENTOR :-

Click on the “create app!” botton

 Name your project
Robot And click ok project
And I will name it as
“Robot”.
In palette we mainly use user interface ,
layout and connectivity .
Blocks
Why we use app development in IOT?
 What is Web Development?
Web development is the work involved in developing a Web site for the Internet or an intranet

Front-end Back-end Web site

 Static vs Dynamic Websites
Static websites are ones that are
fixed and display the same
content for every user, usually
written exclusively in HTML.
A dynamic website, on the
other hand, is one that can
display different
content and provide user
interaction.
 Use of Web Sites in IOT
SERVER

BROWER / NODEMCU /
WEBSITE SENSORS

USER 1

USER 3

USER 2
Front- End development
Application of Front –End

Developing and maintaining the user

interface

Implementing design on mobile websites

Managing software workflow

Search Engine optimization

Optimizing the user experience

Front end Languages
Used to design the front-end portion of
HTML web pages using a markup language.

Used to simplify the process of making

CSS web pages presentable.

Used to create magic on the sites to

Javascript make the site interactive for the user.
 Front End Frameworks and
Libraries: 

jQuery

AngularJ
S Flutter
SASS
React.js
 Back- End

System
System
Data analysis
Data analysis architecture Servers
Servers

database
database
Frameworks
Frameworks

Back end is :

security
security

Operating
Operating
system
system
scalability
scalability API
API
 Application of Back-End

Content
management
Server-side
system
programming
development,
Web server languages,
deployment,
technologies, Operating
Database maintenance API
Cloud systems,
creation, integration,
computing Troubleshooting
integration, and Security settings,
integration and debug
management analytics ,
statistics.
 Back end languages

PHP Python
PHP is a server-side scripting language 01 04 Python is a programming language
that lets you work quickly and
integrate systems more efficiently.

C++ Javascript
widely used nowadays for competitive
programming
02 05 JavaScript can be used as both (front
end and back end) programming
languages.

JAVA Node.js
It is highly scalable. Java components
are easily available.
03 06 ode.js is an open-source and cross-
platform runtime environment for
executing JavaScript code outside a
browser
 Back End frameworks

Express Rails
JS

Etc..

Django Laravel
 How to implement front-end
1)The front end refers to the client side of the application.
2)It is the part of the website users can see and interact with.
3)It typically includes everything that attributes to the visual
aspects of website.
4)It forms the basic of what users can touch and experience on their
web browsers.
5) The essential of frontend web development include HTML,CSS
and javascript.
 HTML
(hypertext markup language)

● HTML is the standard markup

language for creation web pages.
● HTML describes the structure of
the web page.
● HTML consists of a series of
elements.
● HTML elements tell the browser
how to display the content.
● HTML elements label the pieces of
content such as “this is
heading”,”this is a paragraph” , ”
 Difference between hyperlink and hypertext

HYPERTEXT

it contains the non-linear link of the text with

some other information.

It involves only text.

It directed information only generates the

related information.

It contains hyperlink.

It associate with the keywords.

Difference between hyper link and hypertext.

HYPERLINK

Their references are used in the hypertext or with other

hypermedia.

It involves text , media , audio , video , images , and

graphics.

It directed link could contain some unrelated information.

It contains the comprised of the URLs.

It associate with the anchor tags.

 HTML code using Notepad ++
Open Notepad ++ .
1
 HTML code using Notepad ++
Write code in HTML .
2
 HTML code using Notepad ++
3 Save the HTML file with .htm or .html extension.
 HTML code using Notepad ++
4 Open the HTML page in your web browser.
 HTML code using Notepad ++
5 Here is our webpage
 Building blocks of HTML
An HTML document consist of its basic building blocks
which are:
Tags: An HTML tag surrounds the content and apply meaning to it. It is
written between < and > brackets.
Attribute: An attribute in HTML provides extra information about the
element, and it is applied within the start tag. An HTML attribute contains two
fields: name & value.
Syntax <tag name  attribute_name= " attr_value"> content </ tag name>   
Elements: An HTML element is an individual component of an HTML file.
In an HTML file, everything written within tags are termed as HTML
elements.
 HTML
TAGS
HTML tags are like keywords which
defines that how web browser will
format and display the content

HTML tags contain three main parts: opening tag, content

and closing tag. But some HTML tags are unclosed tags.
Syntax
<tag> content </tag>
Tag name Description
<!-- --> This tag is used to apply comment in an HTML document.
<!DOCTYPE> This tag is used to specify the version of HTML
<html> It represents root of an HTML document.

<a> It is termed as anchor tag and it creates a hyperlink or link.

<b> It is used to make a text bold.

<body> It is used to define the body section of an HTML document.

<br> It is used to apply single line break.

<center> It is used to align the content in center. 

<font> It defines the font, size, color, and face for the content.

<h1> to <h6> It defines headings for an HTML document from level 1 to level 6.

<head> It defines the head section of an HTML document.

<hr> It is used to apply thematic break between paragraph-level elements.

<img> It is used to insert an image within an HTML document.

<p> It represents a paragraph in an HTML document.

<table> It is used to present data in tabular form or to create a table within HTML document

<title> It defines the title or name of an HTML document.

   

Example
<html>  
  <head>  
<title>HTML tag</title>  
</head>  
<body>  
<h2>Example of HTML tag</h2>  
<p> Write your main Content within Body
 of the HTML document. </p>  
</body>  
</html>  
 # How to add html to sketch
Step 1 = write html code in editor ( notepad++)
Step 2 = paste it to Arduino ide

Step 3 = add each line in client.println(“ code “);

Step 4 = add Arduino declared variable in its position

Step 5 = compile and upload the data

step 6 = html code will start working in web page and show required data
 WEKA application
● Weka is a collection of machine learning algorithms for data mining tasks. It contains
tools for data preparation, classification, regression, clustering, association rules
mining, and visualization.

● Found only on the islands of New Zealand, the Weka is a flightless bird with an
inquisitive nature.

● Weka is open source software issued under the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC

LICENSE.

● WEKA spoorts deep learning.

…
 000webhost
● 000 webhost is the online platform that is used to make website using html.you
can only make 1 website in free anotherwise you have to pay.
● Steps to use:
● >open 000webhost on your pc.
● >then login with your google account , facebook , etc.
● >then click on create some magic and then click on others.
● >and enter your website name here and save the password shown at screenthen
submit.
● >then click on upload your site.
● >then create new file with html file type.
…

Enter your code here.

…
Then click on website view. And your site is completed.
Data Analysis

● Data analysis is the process of collecting, modeling, and analyzing data to extract insights that
support decision-making. There are several methods and techniques to perform analysis
depending on the industry and the aim of the analysis.

● All these various methods for data analysis are largely based on two core areas: quantitative
methods and qualitative methods in research.

7 Essential Types of Data Analysis Methods:

1. Cluster analysis
2. Cohort analysis
3. Regression analysis
4. Factor analysis
5. Neural Networks
6. Data Mining
7. Text analysis
Top 15 Data Analysis Techniques:
1.Collaborate your needs
2.Establish your questions
3.Data democratization
4.Clean your data
5.Set your KPIs
6.Omit useless data
7.Build a data management roadmap
8.Integrate technology
9.Answer your questions
10.Visualize your data
11.Interpretation of data
12.Consider autonomous technology
13.Build a narrative
14.Share the load
15.Data Analysis tools
 Data Mining
Data Mining is defined as extracting information from huge sets of data. In other words, we
can say that data mining is the procedure of mining knowledge from data. The information
or knowledge extracted so can be used for any of the following applications −

• Market Analysis
• Fraud Detection
• Customer Retention
• Production Control
• Science Exploration
Data Visualization

Data visualization is the representation of data through use of common graphics, such as charts, plots,
infographics, and even animations. These visual displays of information communicate complex data
relationships and data-driven insights in a way that is easy to understand.

Types of data visualization

Tables: This consists of rows and columns used to compare variables. Tables can show a great deal of
information in a structured way, but they can also overwhelm users that are simply looking for high-
level trends.

Pie charts and stacked bar charts: These graphs are divided into sections that represent parts of a
whole. They provide a simple way to organize data and compare the size of each component to one
other.
Line graphs and area charts: These visuals show change in one or more quantities by plotting a
series of data points over time. Line graphs utilize lines to demonstrate these changes while area
charts connect data points with line segments, stacking variables on top of one another and using
color to distinguish between variables.

Histograms: This graph plots a distribution of numbers using a bar chart (with no spaces between the
bars), representing the quantity of data that falls within a particular range. This visual makes it easy for an
end user to identify outliers within a given dataset.

Scatter plots: These visuals are beneficial in reveling the relationship between two variables, and they are
commonly used within regression data analysis. However, these can sometimes be confused with bubble
charts, which are used to visualize three variables via the x-axis, the y-axis, and the size of the bubble.

Heat maps: These graphical displays are helpful in visualizing behavioral data by location. This can be a
location on a map, or even a webpage.

Tree maps, which display hierarchical data as a set of nested shapes, typically rectangles. Treemaps are
great for comparing the proportions between categories via their area size.
Thank you