Scribd
Upload
39 views23 pages

Behaviorism Umbrella

This document discusses behaviorism and classical conditioning. It provides background on Ivan Pavlov and his famous dog experiment demonstrating classical conditioning. John Watson then expanded on this work by showing classical conditioning in humans. Behaviorism became a major movement in psychology focused on studying observable behaviors. B.F. Skinner further contributed to behaviorism through operant conditioning. While behaviorism has limitations, its principles have been useful in areas like education, treatment of disorders, and dog training. Real-world applications of classical conditioning include reducing anxiety in students.

Uploaded by

Guru Khb Pbl
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views23 pages

Behaviorism Umbrella

This document discusses behaviorism and classical conditioning. It provides background on Ivan Pavlov and his famous dog experiment demonstrating classical conditioning. John Watson then expanded on this work by showing classical conditioning in humans. Behaviorism became a major movement in psychology focused on studying observable behaviors. B.F. Skinner further contributed to behaviorism through operant conditioning. While behaviorism has limitations, its principles have been useful in areas like education, treatment of disorders, and dog training. Real-world applications of classical conditioning include reducing anxiety in students.

Uploaded by

Guru Khb Pbl
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

Behaviorism

(I.P.Pavlov)
“Using behaviorisme
to control learning
is like using an umbrella
to control the

weather” - Steve Nordby


Remember
Pavlov?
1
• Ivan Pavlov
(1849-1936)
• A Russian scientist
• Nobel prize winner work on digestion
• Labeled a phenomenon as “psychic
reflexes” when studying the role of saliva
in dogs’ digestive processes.
• Fascinated by this finding, he dedicated
much of the rest of his career further
exploring this.
Remember
His experiment?
1 2
Get to know the characters

Meat Dog’s Bell = Dog’s


powder = salivation = CS salivation =
UCS UCR (conditioned CR
(unconditioned (unconditioned stimulus) (conditioned
stimulus) response) response)
Present the dog with meat powder
(UCS)

Saliva collected in saliva glands

Paired UCS with various stimuli like bell


(CS)

Saliva collected (UCS)

At last, the bell was used alone

Salivate to the sound of the bell


(CR)
This psychological experiment called
classical conditioning
further
Studies?
1 2 3
• John B. Watson
(1878-1958)

– Showed humans can


be classically conditioned.
– Conducted ‘Little Albert’ experiment (with
Rosalie Rayner)
– Causing phobic reaction to a white rat
(banged iron bars with a hammer whilst
showing infant Albert the rat)
behaviorisme
destiny?
1 2 3 4
• The principles shown by Watson are still
extensively used (e.g, in film making
-Jaws)
• He became the most important figure in
modern day psychology
• The movement he began was called
behaviorism (as he proposed only
behavior should be studies by
psychologist)
• His student, Skinner
(B.F.Skinner)
extended his work –
looking at operant
conditioning (learning by
associating a behavior
with its consequences)
• Together, classical and operant
conditioning can explain many behaviors,
and their principles are widely used in
education, prisons and mental hospitals.
any
Problem?
2 3 4 5
• The only way to explain certain results is
to believe that animals have minds.
– An experiment with rats (Crespi) found
that rats used to running at a certain
speed to gain a food reward, would run
much more slowly when it was reduced.
– However, rats that had never actually
received larger reward would run at a
fast speed for smaller amount.
Is behaviorism
Just an umbrella?
1 2 3 4 5 6
• Nothing that denies behaviorism is valid
when limited to certain areas of
psychology
• Numerous experiments have shown there
is merit in the behaviorist theory, certain
ideas of this theory can be used in the
treatment of disorder.
• Vast improvements can be made in the
treatment of:
– neurosis
– phobias
– treating alcoholism
– nicotine addiction
(Scwartz & Lacy, 1982)
Classical in
Real world?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
• In reality, people do not respond exactly
like Pavlov’s dogs.
• However, numerous real world application
for classical conditioning e.g many dog
trainers use classical conditioning
techniques to help people train their pets
• Useful in treatment of phobia and anxiety
problems e.g teachers apply in the class
by creating a positive classroom
environment to help students overcome
anxiety of fear.
• Pairing an anxiety-provoking situation
such as performing in front of a group with
pleasant surrounding help the student
learn new associations – the child will
learn to stay relaxed and calm.
References
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
• http://www.greenhead.ac.uk/subjects/psyc
hology/explained.htm
• http://www.learning-theories.com/classical-
conditioning-pavlov.html
• http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers
/naik.html
• http://everything2.com/title/Behaviorism
%252C+umbrellas
%252C+and+the+shallow+side+of+motiva
tion
• http://www.ehow.com/how_2120213_unde
rstand-behaviorism.html

You might also like