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    Hip Joint: Orthotic Prosthetic Department Poltekkes Surakarta

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    novita
    The document summarizes key aspects of hip joint anatomy and biomechanics. It describes the bones that make up the hip joint, the types of movements allowed, and the main muscles involved in flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. It also discusses forces acting on the hip joint during different activities like standing on one or two legs, and how use of a cane can reduce forces on the hip.

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    Hip Joint: Orthotic Prosthetic Department Poltekkes Surakarta

    Uploaded by

    novita
    59 views29 pages
    The document summarizes key aspects of hip joint anatomy and biomechanics. It describes the bones that make up the hip joint, the types of movements allowed, and the main muscles involved in flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. It also discusses forces acting on the hip joint during different activities like standing on one or two legs, and how use of a cane can reduce forces on the hip.

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    Hip joint baru

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    The document summarizes key aspects of hip joint anatomy and biomechanics. It describes the bones that make up the hip joint, the types of movements allowed, and the main muscles involved in flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. It also discusses forces acting on the hip joint during different activities like standing on one or two legs, and how use of a cane can reduce forces on the hip.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    59 views29 pages

    Hip Joint: Orthotic Prosthetic Department Poltekkes Surakarta

    Uploaded by

    novita
    The document summarizes key aspects of hip joint anatomy and biomechanics. It describes the bones that make up the hip joint, the types of movements allowed, and the main muscles involved in flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. It also discusses forces acting on the hip joint during different activities like standing on one or two legs, and how use of a cane can reduce forces on the hip.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    HIP JOINT

    ORTHOTIC PROSTHETIC DEPARTMENT


    POLTEKKES SURAKARTA
    Lower limb anatomy
    coxae

    Femur

    Fibula Tibia

    Pelvic
    Ossa coxae kanan dan kiri
    Ossa sacrum Foot
    Hip joint
    • Pembentuk :
    caput femur dan acetabulum

    • Type
    Ball and socet joint

    • Memiliki 3 aksis
    (transversal, antero-posterior dan vertikal)

    • Gerakan
    fleksi-ekstensi, abd-add, exo-endo rotasi.

    3
    4
    Ekstensi
    •Aksis transversal
    •LGS 10 – 20O
    tergantung posisi
    knee joint
    Fleksi
    •Aksis transversal
    •LGS 90 – 120O
    tergantung posisi
    knee joint

    5
    6
    Abduksi Adduksi
    •Aksis antero-posterior •Aksis antero-posterior
    •LGS 30 -45 O •Merupakan gerakan
    kembali dari abduksi
    •LGS 30 -45 O

    7
    8
    Ekso-endo rotasi
    •Aksis longitudinal
    •LGS ekso (600), endo (30-400)

    9
    Fleksi Hip
    2
    1

    PENGGERAK UTAMA
    1. m. Psoas Major
    2. m. Iliacus

    10
    Ekstensi hip

    PENGGERAK UTAMA
    1. m. Gluteus maximus
    1

    11
    Abduksi hip

    PENGGERAK UTAMA
    1. m. Gluteus medius

    12
    Adduksi Hip

    PENGGERAK UTAMA
    2 1. m. adductor magnus
    2. m. adductor brevis
    3. m. adductor longus
    1 4. m. pectineus
    5. m. gracilis

    13
    Eksorotasi hip

    PENGGERAK UTAMA
    1. m. obturator externus
    2. m. obturator internus
    3. m. quadratus femoris
    4. m. piriformis
    5. m. gemellus superior
    6. m. gemelus inferior

    OTOT BANTU
    1. m. sartorius

    14
    Endorotasi hip

    PENGGERAK UTAMA
    1. m. gluteus minimus
    2 . m. tensor fasciae latae

    15
    THE NECK OF FEMUR

    • Angulated in relation to the shaft in 2


    planes : sagittal & coronal

    • Neck Shaft angle


    – 140 deg at birth
    – 120-135 deg in adult

    • Ante version
    – Anteverted 40 deg at birth
    – 12-15 deg in adults
    ACETABULAR
    DIRECTION

    • long axis of acetabulum


    points
    – forwards : 15-200 ante
    version
    ante
    version
    – 450 inferior inclination
    AXIS OF LOWER
    LIMB
     Mechanical axis line
    passes between center of
    hip joint and center of
    ankle joint.

     Anatomic axis line is


    between tip of greater
    trochanter to center of
     knee
    Anglejoint.
    formed between
    these two is around 70
    BIOMECHANICS-
    HIP
    • First order
    lever

    fulcrum (hip joint)


    forces on either side of fulcrum
    i.e, body weight & abductor
    tension
    BIOMECH
    ANICS
    To maintain stable hip, torques produced by the
    body weight is countered by abductor
    muscles pull.

    Abductor force X
    lever arm1 = weight X
    leverarm2
    ANICS
    • Forces acting across
    hip joint

     Body weight
     Abductor muscles
    force
     Joint reaction force
    REACTION
    FORCE
    defined as force generated within a joint in response to
    forces acting on the joint

    in the hip, it is the result of the need to balance the


    moment arms of the body weight and abductor tension

    maintains a level pelvis

    Joint reaction force


    -2W during SLR
    - 3W in single leg stance
    -5W in walking
    -10W while running
    IN TWO LEG
    STANCE
    • L.L constitute 2/6 (1/6 + 1/6), and U.L & trunk
    constitute 4/6 the total body wt

    • Little or no muscular forces required to maintain


    equilibrium in 2 leg stance

    • Body wt is equally distributed across both hips

    • Each hip carries 1/3rd body weight

    – (4/6 = 2/3 = 1/3 + 1/3)


    SINGLE LEG STANCE - RIGHT

    • Rt. LL supports the body wt & also


    the Lt LL’s i.e. 5/6th total body wt.

    • Effective Centre of gravity shifts to


    the non-supporting leg(L) &
    produces downward force to tilt
    pelvis
    • Rt. abductors must exert a 4/6 +1/6
    =5/6
    downward counter balancing
    force with right hip joint acting as Typical levels for single leg
    a fulcrum. stance are 3W,
    corresponding to a level ratio
    of 2.5.
    i.e. Body wt acts eccentrically on the hip
    and tends to tilt the pelvis in
    adduction --
    --- balanced by the abductors
    USE OF CANE / WALKING
    STICK
    • It creates an additional force that keeps the pelvis level in the
    face of gravity's tendency to adduct the hip during unilateral
    stance.

    • decreases the moment arm between the center of gravity and


    the femoral head(R)

    • The cane's force must substitute for the hip abductors.

    • Long distance from the centre of hip to contralateral hand


    offers excellent mechanical advantage
    CANE AND LIMP
    • Both decrease the force
    exerted by the body wt on
    the loaded hip

    • Cane: transmits part of the


    body wt to the ground
    thereby decreasing the
    muscular force required for
    balancing

    • Limping shortens the body


    lever arm by shifting the
    centre of gravity to the
    TRENDELENBURG SIGN

    Stand on LEFT leg—if


    RIGHT hip drops, then it's a
    + LEFT Trendelenburg

    The contralateral side


    drops because the
    ipsilateral hip abductors
    do not stabilize the pelvis
    to prevent the droop.

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