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    Academic Session:-2020-2021: Presentation On Types of Biological Pest Control

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    Nishtha
    This document presents information on types of biological pest control, including importation, augmentation, and conservation. Importation involves introducing a pest's natural enemies to a new area where they are not found naturally. Augmentation uses commercially available natural enemies that are released to control pest populations. Conservation implements practices that maintain and enhance natural enemies of pests already present in an area. The document discusses advantages such as long-term control with little ongoing cost and disadvantages including the expense of initial testing and potential for introduced species to become pests themselves.

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    Academic Session:-2020-2021: Presentation On Types of Biological Pest Control

    Uploaded by

    Nishtha
    114 views13 pages
    This document presents information on types of biological pest control, including importation, augmentation, and conservation. Importation involves introducing a pest's natural enemies to a new area where they are not found naturally. Augmentation uses commercially available natural enemies that are released to control pest populations. Conservation implements practices that maintain and enhance natural enemies of pests already present in an area. The document discusses advantages such as long-term control with little ongoing cost and disadvantages including the expense of initial testing and potential for introduced species to become pests themselves.

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    biological pest control

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    This document presents information on types of biological pest control, including importation, augmentation, and conservation. Importation involves introducing a pest's natural enemies to a new area where they are not found naturally. Augmentation uses commercially available natural enemies that are released to control pest populations. Conservation implements practices that maintain and enhance natural enemies of pests already present in an area. The document discusses advantages such as long-term control with little ongoing cost and disadvantages including the expense of initial testing and potential for introduced species to become pests themselves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    114 views13 pages

    Academic Session:-2020-2021: Presentation On Types of Biological Pest Control

    Uploaded by

    Nishtha
    This document presents information on types of biological pest control, including importation, augmentation, and conservation. Importation involves introducing a pest's natural enemies to a new area where they are not found naturally. Augmentation uses commercially available natural enemies that are released to control pest populations. Conservation implements practices that maintain and enhance natural enemies of pests already present in an area. The document discusses advantages such as long-term control with little ongoing cost and disadvantages including the expense of initial testing and potential for introduced species to become pests themselves.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 13

    GURU GHASIDAS VISHWAVIDYALAYA

    BILASPUR, (C.G.)

    Academic session :- 2020-2021

    PRESENTATION ON
    TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL

    PRESENTED TO PRESENTED BY
    DR. RASHMI AGARWAL NISHTHA AWASTHI
    DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY, M.Sc. FORESTRY 1ST SEMESTER
    GGV ENROLLMENT NO. :- GGV/16/6243

    DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY, WILDLIFE & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES


    BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DISEASE AND PEST

     Biological control is a method of restricting effects of harmful


    animals, pathogens and plants using other useful organisms, e.g.
    microorganisms, insects and plants that inhibit the harmful
    organisms.

     In simple words it is the Use of natural enemies to help manage


    pests .

     This is done by the help of three P’s that is Predators, pathogen


    and parasites
    TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PEST
    CONTROL
     Basically there are three types of biological
    pest control method:-
    1. Importation.
    2. Augmentation.
    3. Conservation.
    IMPORTATION
      Reuniting pests with their natural enemies often provides
    the most dramatic and sustainable method of suppressing
    them. The importation of such natural enemies is classic
    biological control.
     Importation involves introduction pest’s natural enemies to
    a new locale where they do not occur naturally.
     It is also called classical biological control.
     Classical biological control is long lasting and inexpensive.
     Other than the initial cost of collection importation and
    earring little expense is incurred.
     Then on natural enemy is successfully established it really
    requires additional input and it continues to kill the best with
    no direct but from human and at no cost.
     However importation does not always work it usually most
    effective against exotic best and less so against native insect
    pest.
     The reason for failure are not often known but may include
    the release of two individual, poor adaptation of natural
    enemy to environmental condition at the release location,
    and lack of synchrony between the lifecycle of natural enemy
    and host pest.
    AUGMENTATION
    • The release of natural enemies (predators, parasites and
    pathogens) to control pests is a type of biological control
    called augmentation.
    • This approach uses commercially available species that are
    applied in a timely manner to prevent population increases,
    or to suppress a pest population.
    • Natural enemies can be released all at once or over time to
    suppress pests or keep their numbers low. Also, the
    environment can be enhanced to favor natural enemies. 
     Itdiffers from classical biocontrol in that releases are
    continually made and the natural enemies may be native or
    exotic species.
     Periodic releases of natural enemies may be necessary when
    existing natural enemies fail to colonize the pest habitat each
    season, colonize the habitat too late, or otherwise fail to
    attain numbers sufficient to control the pest.
     Types of augmentative releases range from seasonal
    inoculative releases, in which the released natural enemies
    serve to inoculate a new crop and control is provided later by
    offspring of the released natural enemies, to inundative
    releases, in which all control is provided by the released
    natural enemies themselves.
     Natural enemies used in augmentative release programs are
    usually purchased from commercial companies. 
    CONSERVATION
     Conservation biological control is the implementation of
    practices that maintain and enhance the reproduction,
    survival, and efficacy of natural enemies (predators,
    parasitoids, and pathogens) of pests.
     Natural enemies are important in regulating populations of
    many agricultural and forest insect pests.
     Approaches to conservation of these natural enemies involve
    avoidance of practices harmful to them, as well as adoption
    of practices that benefit them.
     Like other animals, insect natural enemies require food,
    water, and shelter, and protection from adverse conditions.
     To achieve the goals of conservation biological control,
    fundamental knowledge of the biology and requirements of
    natural enemies is needed.
     Pesticides kill beneficial predators, parasites and pathogens
    as well as pests, and can cause outbreaks of secondary pests
    or rapid resurgence of pests that were initially suppressed.
    Using non-chemical control methods, or pesticides which kill
    only the target pest, protects natural enemies.
     Some easily seen predators are spiders, lacewings, lady
    beetles, ground beetles, rove beetles, syrphid flies, flower
    flies, hover flies, true bugs (including minute pirate bugs,
    big-eyed bugs and damsel bugs), predatory mites and even
    fire ants. However, many important natural enemies are
    rarely seen, such as parasitic wasps and flies, nematodes and
    pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
    ADVANTAGES OF BIOLOGICAL PEST
    CONTROL METHOD
     Once the cost of testing and introducing control agents has been met, the on-
    going costs are small.
     In most cases, there is no need to find and identify every individual weed to
    be treated. An effective agent will search out all suitable plants of the weed.
     Biological control has no adverse effect on human health or the environment.
     Biological control is self-sustaining. Once the initial research work has been
    completed and the biological control agents released, little or no further
    money is required.
     Unlike certain herbicides, development of host resistance is not normally a
    problem.
     Biological control is compatible with most other control techniques (except
    sometimes the use of insecticides and herbicides).
     Biological control reduces the vigour, competitiveness and reproductive
    capacity of the weed, making it more manageable.
     It can provide a long-term solution to a pest problem
    DISADVANTAGES OF BIOLOGICAL PEST
    CONTROL METHOD
    • Biological control agents are expensive to find. The greatest
    expense is during the field survey and early testing stage
    which must be conducted overseas.
    • Suitable agents may not even exist.
    • Potential agents are also expensive to test for specificity. Host
    specificity testing may take several years to complete because
    of the need for thoroughness (however, herbicides often take
    as long and cost even more to develop).
    • Biological control can never eradicate a pest organism
    completely, because if the control agent reduces the pest
    population too far, it destroys its own food source.
    • Biological control operates over large areas.
     The introduced species may have unknown ecological effects,
    and even become a pest itself. e.g. the cane toad and the
    harlequin ladybird.
     The pest can remain in small numbers and to keep its
    damage to a level which is not economically damaging,
    frequent input is needed to maintain a population balance
    between predator and prey.
     
     
    THANK YOU

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