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High Voltage Engineering: Unit-I Electric Field Stresses

This document discusses electric field stresses in high voltage engineering. It defines electric field as the voltage gradient across a conductor. The breakdown strength of insulating materials depends on their maximum dielectric strength. There are three main types of dielectrics used in high voltage applications: gas/vacuum, liquid, and solid. Gas dielectrics can withstand high fields but breakdown occurs through ionization. Liquid dielectrics have high dielectric strength and good electrical properties but lower strength than gases. Solid dielectrics breakdown through electro-mechanical, chemical, or discharge mechanisms and have strengths around 10MV/cm. Field stresses are estimated and controlled through electrolytic, numerical, and direct modeling methods like finite element analysis.

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mahesh
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719 views9 pages

High Voltage Engineering: Unit-I Electric Field Stresses

This document discusses electric field stresses in high voltage engineering. It defines electric field as the voltage gradient across a conductor. The breakdown strength of insulating materials depends on their maximum dielectric strength. There are three main types of dielectrics used in high voltage applications: gas/vacuum, liquid, and solid. Gas dielectrics can withstand high fields but breakdown occurs through ionization. Liquid dielectrics have high dielectric strength and good electrical properties but lower strength than gases. Solid dielectrics breakdown through electro-mechanical, chemical, or discharge mechanisms and have strengths around 10MV/cm. Field stresses are estimated and controlled through electrolytic, numerical, and direct modeling methods like finite element analysis.

Uploaded by

mahesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING

Prepared by
K. Mahesh
Asst. Prof, EEE Dept.
B V Raju Instiitute of Technology, Narsapur

UNIT-I
ELECTRIC FIELD STRESSES
ELCTRIC FIELD STRESS

• It is defined as , voltage gradient across the


conductor
• Numerically E = -▼Ø
Where E= E.F.I
▼ = Operator = ∂/ ∂x.ax + ∂/ ∂y.ay + ∂/ ∂z.az
Ø = Electric flux or voltage

• The dielectric strength of insulating material mainly


depends on the max dielectric strength.
H V Insulators / Dielectrics
• In HV application, mainly Three types of
dielectrics used

• Gas/ Vaccume type dielectics


• Liquid type dielectics
• Solid type dielectics
Gas/ Vaccume type dielectrics
• Gas Dielectrics:
• Breakdown occurs due to “collision of Ionization process”
• Primary + secondary ions * multiplications causes breakdown
• At high pressure the BDV : 25 MV/m
• Examples : N2 , CCl2F2, CO2 & SF6

• Vaccume: The pressure of the gas 10 -4 Torr called vaccume


• The field strength of 10 MV/cm (or) 100 MV/cm then the BDV
reduces to 0.1 MV / cm due to ionization.
Liquid dielectrics
• Pure liquids : Chemically pure- no impurity
• Commercial liquids : Chemically not pure - impurity

Examples : 1. Petroleum oils


2. Askerals
3. Fluro carbons, silicon oils.
4. Organic esters

Electrical Properties: 1. High Dielectric strength(€)


2. Low Conductivity
3. Low Dissipation factor(Tan∂)
4. low viscosity
5. non- toxicity
6. low chemical reaction(Oxidation)

Note: The dielectric strength of liquid dielectrics: 50-60 KV/cm


Solid Dielectrics
• Pure Solid dielectrics( No Impurities)
• Composite dielectrics(Layered structure)

The Breakdown occurs due to


• i) Electro-Mechanical Failure
• ii) Chemical Deterioration
• iii) Internal Discharge(Partial discharge)
• iv) Treeing & Tracking
• v) Intrinsic or Electronic breakdown
Note: The Breakdown strength for solid dielectrics : 10MV/cm
Examples : i) Teflon Paper ii) PVC iii) Resin iv) Silica rubber
v) porcelain vi) mica vii) wood etc…
Geometric configuration of field stress
• Uniform fields: The average field ‘E’ is same throughout the
field region , and gap distance is less than that of radius of
sphere electrode.
• Non- Uniform fields: The average field ‘E’ is not same
throughout the field region , and gap distance is greater than
that of radius of sphere electrode.
Estimation and control of Electric Stress
• Electric Field Intensity = ▼2 V = Ps / € -- Poissions Equation
Ps → 0 charge free region
▼2 V = 0 -- Laplace Equation.
* Field enhancement factor(f) = E Max / E avg
Estimation and control of Electric Stress

• There are three method for estimation and control of


EFI.

1. The electrolytic method


2. Numerical method
3. Direct Method - a) Finite Element Method(FEM)
b) Finite Difference method (FDM)
c) Charge Simulation Method(CSM)
d) Boundary element method (BEM)

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