7.1 - Basic Trigonometric Identities and Equations
7.1 - Basic Trigonometric Identities and Equations
7.1 - Basic Trigonometric Identities and Equations
1 – Basic
Trigonometric
Identities and
Equations
Trigonometric Identities
Quotient Identities
sin cos
tan cot
cos sin
Reciprocal Identities
1 1 1
sin cos tan
csc sec cot
Pythagorean Identities
5.4.3
Where did our pythagorean identities come from??
sin2θ + cos2θ = 1
Pythagorean
Identity!
Take the Pythagorean Identity and
discover a new one!
Hint: Try dividing everything by cos2θ
sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 .
cos2θ cos2θ cos2θ
tan2θ + 1 = sec2θ
Quotient Reciprocal
Identity another Identity
Pythagorean
Identity
Take the Pythagorean Identity and
discover a new one!
Hint: Try dividing everything by sin2θ
sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 .
sin2θ sin2θ sin2θ
1 + cot2θ = csc2θ
Quotient Reciprocal
Identity a third Identity
Pythagorean
Identity
Using the identities you now know,
find the trig value.
1.) If cosθ = 3/4, find secθ 2.) If cosθ = 3/5, find cscθ.
sin 2 cos 2 1
3
2
1 1 4 sin 2 1
5
sec
cos 3 3 sin 2
25 9
4 25 25
16
sin
2
25
4
sin
5
1 1 5
csc
sin 4 4
5
3.) sinθ = -1/3, find tanθ
tan 2 1 sec 2
tan 2 1 (3) 2
tan 2 8 tan 2 2
tan 2 8
4.) secθ = -7/5, find sinθ
Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions
Identities can be used to simplify trigonometric expressions.
Simplify.
cot 2
b)
a) cos sin tan 1 sin2
sin cos 2
cos sin
cos sin 2
sin2 cos
2
cos
cos 1
cos 2 1
cos sin
2 2
sin cos
2 2
cos
1
1
sin2
cos
sec csc
2
5.4.5
Simplifing Trigonometric Expressions
csc x
c) (1 + tan x) - 2 sin x sec x
2
d)
tan x cot x
1 1
2
(1 tan x) 2 sin x
cos x sin x
sin x cos x
2 sin x
1 2 tan x tan x 2 cos x sin x
cos x
1
2
1 tan x 2tan x 2 tan x
sin x
2 2
2
sec x sin x cos x
sin xcos x
1
sin x
1
sin x cos x
1 sin x cos x
sin x 1
cos x
Simplify each expression.
cos x
cos x sin x
sin x
1
sin 1 sin x
cos cos x
sin sin x cos x cos2 x sin 2 x
sin x sin x
1 sin 1
sin cos cos2 x sin 2 x
sin x
1
sec
cos 1
csc x
sin x
Simplifying trig Identity
sin
tanxx cosx
cos x
tanxcosx = sin x
Simplifying trig Identity
Example2: simplify
sec x
csc x
1
cos
sec x =
1 sinx
x
csc
1x cos x 1
sin x
=
sin x
cos x
= tan x
Simplifying trig Identity
cos x
cos2x - sin12x
= sec x
cos x
Example
Simplify:
= cot3 x Simplify
Example
Simplify:
Use Reciprocal
Identity
Practice
One way to use identities is to simplify expressions involving trigonometric
functions. Often a good strategy for doing this is to write all trig functions in
terms of sines and cosines and then simplify. Let’s see an example of this:
sin x 1 1
cos x sin x cos x 1
1 1
cos x cos x
Another way to use identities is to write one function in terms of another
function. Let’s see an example of this:
= sin 2 x sin x 2
LS tan x cos x
sin x
LS cos x
cos x
LS sin x
LS RS
20
(E) Examples
• Prove tan2(x) = sin2(x) cos-2(x)
RS sin 2 x cos 2 x
2 1
RS sin x 2
cos x
1
RS sin x
2
cos x 2
RS
sin x 2
cos x 2
2
sin x
RS
cos x
RS tan 2 x
RS LS
21
(E) Examples
• Prove 1 1
tan x
tan x sin x cos x
1
LS tan x
tan x
sin x 1
LS
cos x sin x
cos x
sin x cos x
LS
cos x sin x
sin x sin x cos x cos x
LS
cos x sin x
sin x cos2 x
2
LS
cos x sin x
1
LS
cos x sin x
LS RS 22
(E) Examples
• Prove sin 2 x
1 cos x
1 cos x
sin 2 x
LS
1 cos x
1 cos2 x
LS
1 cos x
(1 cos x )(1 cos x )
LS
(1 cos x )
LS 1 cos x
LS RS
23