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Chapter 9 - Sampling Distribution

This document discusses confidence intervals and sampling distributions. It outlines that the sample mean is a random variable with a sampling distribution, and for a sufficiently large sample from a normal population, the sample mean will be approximately normally distributed. It also discusses that the sample proportion is a random variable that is approximately normally distributed for a sample size of 30 or more. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating probabilities related to the sample mean and using z-scores.

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Joseph Tawfik
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71 views9 pages

Chapter 9 - Sampling Distribution

This document discusses confidence intervals and sampling distributions. It outlines that the sample mean is a random variable with a sampling distribution, and for a sufficiently large sample from a normal population, the sample mean will be approximately normally distributed. It also discusses that the sample proportion is a random variable that is approximately normally distributed for a sample size of 30 or more. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating probabilities related to the sample mean and using z-scores.

Uploaded by

Joseph Tawfik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8.

Confidence Intervals

MACT 2222, Statistics for business

MACT 2222: Statistics for Business 8.1


8.2

Outline

• Sampling Distributions
• Confidence Interval for the Population Mean µ
• Confidence Interval for Proportion π

MACT 2222: Statistics for Business 8.2


8.3

Sampling Distributions

1. The sample mean is a random variable with  a


probability distribution called the sampling
distribution of .
2. The sampling distribution of has a mean of µ, the
original population mean, and a standard deviation
called the standard error of the mean given as .
3. If the sample is coming from a normal distribution
then follows a normal distribution with a mean µ and
a standard error .

MACT 2222: Statistics for Business 8.3


8.4

Sampling Distributions

4. If the sample is not coming from a normal distribution 


and if the sample size is sufficiently large (n≥30) then the
sample mean will be approximately normal according
to the central limit theorem (CLT).
5. obability related to from the normal distribution we
use the following Z-score
.

MACT 2222: Statistics for Business 8.4


8.5

Sampling Distributionss
6. If someone is interested in the proportion (π) of
  a
certain category of a qualitative variable then a
sample proportion of the category of interest is
calculated as , where is the size of this category in
the sample or in other words the number of
successes and is the sample size.
7. Sample proportion is a random variable with mean
and a standard error =. For a sample of size 30, is
approximately normal and for any probability related
to we use the following Z score .

MACT 2222: Statistics for Business 8.5


8.6

Example 1

• The foreman of a bottling plant has observed that the amount


 
of soda in each “32-ounce” bottle is actually a normally
distributed random variable, with a mean of 32.2 ounces and a
standard deviation of .3 ounce.
• If a customer buys a carton of four bottles, What is the
distribution of the sample mean
• what is the probability that the mean amount of the four
bottles will be greater than 32 ounces?

6
MACT 2222: Statistics for Business 8.6
8.7

Example 1: Solution
 is
normally distributed.
We want to find where is normally distributed and
standard error =

7
MACT 2222: Statistics for Business 8.7
8.8

Example 2

8
MACT 2222: Statistics for Business 8.8
8.9

Summary

We only need to know that we have three  


different z-scores
1. One for X,
2. One for ,
3. One for
4. We only use the normal distribution to find any
probability related to any of the above.

MACT 2222: Statistics for Business 8.9

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