Chapter 5

Measurement Processing

1
Module Objectives

• Explain the coding of RX level and RX quality measurements and the

mapping of bit error and frame erasure measurements to RX qualities
• Discuss the execution of measurements by the MS, when it is in idle or
dedicated mode
• Indicate the criteria to add adjacent cell data to the enhanced measurement
report
• Give an overview about the processing of measurement data obtained by the
MS or BTS
• Explain the pre-processing of measurement data by the BTS
• Discuss the normal averaging performed by the BSC for normal and DTX
traffic
• Describe the fast averaging performed during call set up, after handover and
after power control
• Explain the book keeping options to reduce the amount of measurement data
• Explain Enhanced Measurement Reporting (EMR)

2
Introduction

Measurement Measurements
Report

Standard Enhanced Idle mode Dedicated mode

• Rx level Standard + following: • MS listens • MS sends DL

• Rx quality • DL frame erasure rate to BCCH measurement report on
• Level & BSIC of up • DTX bit error probability SACCH
to 6 neighbours • Real time difference serving – • BTS performs UL
• 3G cells adjacent cell measurements
• 3G cells
• Control over reporting priority

3
Coding of Rx Level

P (dBm) P (dBm) LEV

No offset 10 dB offset

-110 -100 0
-109 -99 1
-108 -98 2
. . .
. . .
. . .
-49 -39 61
-48 -38 62
-47 -37 63

Activation of offset to code high levels

scaleOrd (SCO)(SEG)(0,1,2)(0)

0 = no offset used
1 = offset used in general
2 = MS decides automatically about offset

4
Coding of Rx Quality

BER (%) BER (%) QUAL

RANGE MEAN
< 0.2 0.14 0
0.2-0.4 0.28 1
0.4-0.8 0.57 2
0.8-1.6 1.13 3
1.6-3.2 2.26 4
3.2-6.4 4.53 5
6.4-12.8 9.05 6
> 12.8 18.1 7

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Mapping of BEP to RX Quality

BEP BER (%) QUAL

VALUE RANGE
22..31 < 0.2 0
19..21 0.2-0.4 1
16..18 0.4-0.8 2
13..15 0.8-1.6 3
10..12 1.6-3.2 4
7..9 3.2-6.3 5
4..6 6.3-12.6 6
0..3 > 12.6 7

6
Mapping of FER to RX Quality

X axis: frame erasure rate (< 1%, 1-5 %, 5-10 %, 10-15 %, > 15 %)
Y axis: RX quality (0..7)
Z axis: Percentage of measurements for each FER category

Frame Erasure Rate for Handover / Power Control Decision

fepInPcHoUse (FPHO)(BSC)(Y,N)(N)
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MS Measurement Execution
Idle Mode

• Decoding of BCCH
• for serving (camped) cell every 30 s
• for adjacent cells every 5 min
• Pre-synchronization and decoding of BSIC
• for adjacent cells every 30 s
• Adjacent cell list
• Updating every 60 s
• BCCH decoding of new cell in 30 s

8
MS Measurement Execution
Dedicated Mode I

SACCH PERIOD = 480 ms

26 FRAME MULTIFRAME = 120 ms

TDMA FRAMES
TDMA FRAMES
4.615 ms TCH SACCH IDLE

RX TX MEAS RX TX MEAS RX TX MEAS

• BSIC decoding for at least one adjacent cell
• Pre-synchronization on SCH

• Measures frequencies of adjacent cells

• Measures RX level and quality for serving cell

• Detects whether DTX is used

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MS Measurement Execution
Dedicated Mode II

• Pre-synchronisation and decoding of BSIC

• for adjacent cells every 10s
• New adjacent cell
• Pre-synchronisation and decoding of BSIC in 5s
• If not successful -> old adjacent cell list + new try
• Measurement results of best adjacent cells sent to BSC every SACCH period 480 msec

10
Measurement Processing Overview

Power
control ?

MS + BTS

Measurements Averaging
Averagingby
byBSC
BSC
Measurements
Normal or fast

Independently for handover and

power control
Averaging by BTS
Over 1-4 SACCH periods For normal and DTX traffic
Handover ?
For RX level, RX quality and
Distance between MS and BTS

Measurements Averaging
Averagingby
byBSC
BSC
Measurements
For all or currently best cells
MS
With / without elimination of
zero results
Bookkeeping
Bookkeeping

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Pre-processing by the BTS

• Both for MS and BTS measurements

• Averaging over 1-4 SACCH periods
• Delay of (btsMeasAver - 1) * 480 ms
• Reduced transmission and processing load in BSC (-> Abis interface when
16 kbit signalling is used)
• No sliding window

BTS averaging controlled by

btsMeasAver (BMA)(SEG)(1..4)(1)

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Slow Averaging in the BSC
Normal Traffic

8 SACCH

45 35 50 25 20 20 10 15

2 SACCH
Average = 39

Average = 33
btsMeasAver = 2
Average = 29
ho/pcAverageLevDL/UL = 4
-> 8 / 2 = 4 BTS samples per window Average = 19

Average = 16

Size of sliding window (SACCH periods)

hoAverageLevDL/UL 1..32 for Rx level for handover

hoAverageQualDL/UL 1..32 for Rx quality for handover
pcAverageLevDL/UL 1..32 for Rx level for power control
pcAverageQuakDL/UL 1..32 for RX quality for power control
msDistanceAveragingParam 1..32 for distance MS-BTS for MS distance
handover

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Slow Averaging in the BSC
DTX Traffic

DTX Y N N Y N N Y Y

Weight 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1

btsMeasAver = 1
45 35 50 25 20 20 10 15 ho/pcAverageLevDL/UL = 4

Average = (1*45 + 2*35 + 2*50 + 1*25) / 6 = 40

Average = (2*35 + 2*50 + 1*25 + 2*20) / 7 = 34

Average = (2*50 + 1*25 + 2*20 + 2*20) / 7 = 29

Average = (1*25 + 2*20 + 2*20 + 1*10) / 7 = 16

Average = (2*20 + 2*20 + 1*10 + 1*15) / 6 = 15

Weight of BTS sample

hoAverageLevDL/UL 1..3 for Rx level for handover

hoAverageQualDL/UL 1..3 for Rx quality for handover
pcAverageLevDL/UL 1..3 for Rx level for power control
pcAverageQuakDL/UL 1..3 for RX quality for power control

DTX Control
dtxMode 0..2 0 = optional, 1 = mandatory, 2 = not used

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Fast Averaging in the BSC
After Handover

8 SACCH Handover

45 35 50 25 40 45 30 35 50

2 SACCH
Average = 39

40 / 1 = 40
btsMeasAver = 2
(40+45) / 2 = 43
ho/pcAverageLevDL/UL = 4
-> 8 / 2 = 4 BTS samples per window (40+45+30) / 3 = 39

(40+45+30+35) / 4 = 38

(45+30+35+50) / 4 = 40

Fast Averaging during Call Set Up

enaFastAveCallSetup (EFA)(HOC)(Y/N)(N)

Fast Averaging after Handover

enaFastAveHO (EFH)(HOC)(Y/N)(N)

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Fast Averaging in the BSC
RX Level after Power Control

8 SACCH Power Increase 10 dB

45 35 50 25 30 30 20 25

measured values
2 SACCH

55 45 60 35
Scaled values

(45+35+50+25) / 4 = 39

(45+60+35+30) / 4 = 43
btsMeasAver = 2
(60+35+30+30) / 4 = 39
ho/pcAverageLevDL/UL = 4
-> 8 / 2 = 4 BTS samples per window (35+30+20+25) / 4 = 28

(30+30+20+25) / 4 = 27
Fast Averaging after Power Control
enaFastAvePC (EFP)(HOC)(Y/N)(N)

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Fast Averaging in the BSC
RX Quality after Power Control

8 SACCH Power Control

4 3 4 4 2 1 1 0 1

2 SACCH
Average = 39

2/1=2
btsMeasAver = 2
(2+1) / 2 = 2
ho/pcAverageLevDL/UL = 4
-> 8 / 2 = 4 BTS samples per window (2+1+1) / 3 = 1

(2+1+1+0) / 4 = 1

(1+1+0+1) / 4 = 1

Fast Averaging after Power Control

enaFastAvePC (EFP)(HOC)(Y/N)(N)

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Book Keeping
BSC can maintain up to 32 last measurements for up to 32 adjacent cells

averagingWindowSizeAdjCell (AWS)(HOC)(1…32)(6)
Window size for averaging the signal quality, signal level and distance measurement results of adjacent cells

allAdjacentCellsAveraged (AAC)(HOC)(Y/N)(N)
N = MS sends data for currently 6 best 2G cells only (other data set to zero result)

allUtranAdjAver (UAAC)(HOC)(Y/N)(N)
N = MS sends data for currently 3 best 3G cells only (other data set to zero result)

numberOfZeroResults (NOZ)(HOC)(0..7)(2)
Maximum number of 2G zero results to be ignored for BSC averaging

noOfZeroResUtran (UNOZ)(HOC)(0..32)(5)
Maximum number of 3G zero results to be ignored for BSC averaging

BTS Sample -> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Average

btsMeasAver = 1 Cell 1 -65 -67 -71 -69 -72 -70 -73 -71 -70
2 -73 -75 -74 -75 -76 -77 -75 -77 -76
->

AveragingWindowSizeAdjCell = 8

3 -77 0 -80 -79 -81 -79 0 -80 -79

allAdjacentCellsAveraged = N -86
numberOfZeroResults = 2 4 -85 -83 -87 -88 -84 0 -86 -87 -92
5 -90 -94 -91 -90 -95 -93 -92 -90 -98
6 -97 -99 -98 -99 -96 -97 0 0

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