Unit 4: 2 Marks

UNIT 4
2 marks
Set-1
• State Newton's Second law of motion
• What is dynamic Equilibrium?
• State D' Alembert's principle
• Define Law of conservation of energy.
• What happens if two perfectly elastic bodies
are in impact? Define the coefficient of
restitution
State Newton's Second law of motion.
Newton's law states that, "The rate of change of
momentum of a body is directly proportional to
the external force applied on the body and takes
place in the direction of the applied force."
F α ma (or) F= K.ma
Where, K is a constant of proportionality

What is dynamic Equilibrium?
According to Newton's Second law of motion,
ƩF=ma
for equilibrium, ƩF- ma=0
This equation is also known as dynamic
equilibrium equation.
This principle is known as D' Alembert's principle.

D' Alembert's principle is used to convert dynamics
problem into a statics problem
State D' Alembert's principle.
D' Alembert's principle is an application of
Newton's second law of motion. It states that
the system of forces acting on a body in
motion is dynamic equilibrium with the inertia
force of the body
ƩF- ma=0
Define Law of conservation of energy.
The Law of conservation of energy states that
" Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
though it can be transformed from one form to
another".
In other words, Total energy (sum of potential
energy and kinetic energy) possessed by a body
remains constant provided no energy is added
or taken from it.
What happens if two perfectly elastic bodies are in impact?
When two elastic bodies collide with each other, they tend to compress
each other. Immediately after this, the bodies attempt to regain its
original shape, due to elasticity. This process of regaining the original
shape is called restitution.
Define the coefficient of restitution.

The coefficient of restitution between two bodies in a collision is defined
as the ratio of the relative velocity of their separation after collision to
the relative velocity of their approach before collision. It is denoted by 'e'.
e = relative velocity of separation/ relative velocity of approach
e=v2-v1/u1-u2
Set-2
• Write down the equations of motion of a body
• What is relative motion? and how is position of a
body expressed in relationwith other body
• Distinguish between rectilinear and curvilinear
motion.
• A particle moves from rest along a straight line
defined by the relationship x = t3-6t2-15t, where x is
the distance travelled and t is the time in second.
Find the velocity and acceleration at the end of 10
seconds.
• State impulse momentum principle
Write down the equations of motion of a body.
• V=u+at
• V2=u2+2as
• S=ut+1/2 at2
A car runs with an initial velocity of 30 m/s and uniform
acceleration of 3 m/s2. Find its
velocity after 5 seconds.
Given: u=30 m/s ; a = 3 m/s2; t = 5 s
using the equation,
v= u + at =30 + 3(5) = 45 m/s
What is relative motion? and how is position of a body expressed in relationwith
other body.
The position of a body with respect to another body which may be in motion or
may not is called as relative motion. The relative position of a body A with respect
to the position of body B is expressed as rA/B
A body a moves with a constant velocity of 5m/s along positive x axis and body
B moves along positive Y axis with a constant velocity of 3m/s.
Determine the relative velocity of A with respect to B.
VA= 5i, VB=3j,
Relative velocity VA/B= VA-VB = 5i-3j
Magnitude = =6m/s.
Distinguish between rectilinear and curvilinear
motion.
When a particle moves along a straight line,
then it is called rectilinear motion or translation.
Examples: A car moving on a straight road A body
projected vertically upward A body falling
vertically downward
When a particle moves in a curved path, then it is
called curvilinear motion.
Example: A car moving in a curved path in a hill
A particle moves from rest along a straight line defined by the
relationship x = t3-6t2-15t, where x is the distance travelled
and t is the time in second. Find the velocity and
acceleration at the end of 10 seconds.
Given:
x = t3-6t2-15t
v= dx/dt= 3t2-12t-15
a =dv/dt= 6t - 12
Velocity at t = 10 s;
v = 3(102) - 12(10) - 15 = 165 m/s
Acceleration at t = 10 s;
a = 6(10) - 12 = 48 m/s
State impulse momentum principle.
Impulse momentum principle is
Impulse = Change in momentum
Impulse = Final momentum - Initial momentum
In other words, the impulse of the force acting on a particle is equal to the change in
linear momentum of the particle
A block having mass of 50 kg has a velocity of 15 m/s horizontally on a

smooth frictionless surface. Determine the value of the horizontal force to be
applied to the block for bringing the block to rest in 5 seconds.
Given: mass, m = 50 kg; initial velocity, u = 15 m/s; time, t = 5 s; final velocity, v = 0
Applying impulse momentum equation, F x t = m (v – u)
F x 5 = 50 (0 - 15) F = -150 N
Negative sign indicates that the Force acts in opposite direction and will bring the
mass to rest position.
Set-3
• Define impulse & momentum. State law of
conservation of momentum.
• A stone is dropped from the top of the tower. It
strikes the ground after four seconds. Find the
height of the tower.
• A small ball is dropped from a height of 19.62 m.
At what velocity the ball will strike the ground?
• Define projectile and projectile motion
• A particle is projected into space at an angle of 30˚
to the horizontal at a velocity of 40 m/s. Find the
maximum height reached by the projectile.
Define impulse & momentum.
Impulse is defined as the product of force and
time.
Momentum is defined as the product of mass
and velocity.
State law of conservation of momentum.

Total momentum before impact = total
momentum after impact
m1u1+ m2u2= m1v1+ m2v2
A stone is dropped from the top of the tower. It strikes the ground after
four seconds. Find the height of the tower.
Given: Initial velocity, u = 0; Time, t = 4 s
Using the equation, h = ut + (1/2) g t 2
h = 0 + (1/2) (9.81) (42) = 78.48 m
A small ball is dropped from a height of 19.62 m. At what velocity the

ball will strike the ground?
Given: u = 0; h = 19.62 m ; g= 9.81 m/s
using the equation V2=u2+2gh
V= =19.62 m/s
Define projectile and projectile motion
A particle projected in space at an angle to the horizontal plane is

called “projectile”
Projectile motion is the freely projected particle which moves under

the combined effect of vertical and horizontal motion
A particle is projected into space at an angle of 30˚ to the horizontal at a

velocity of 40 m/s. Find the maximum height reached by the projectile.
Given: Velocity of projection, u = 40 m/s Angle of projection, α = 30˚
Maximum height reached by the projectile, h max=u2sin2α/2g
hmax=402sin230/2x9.81= 20.39 m

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UNIT 4

Where, K is a constant of proportionality

This principle is known as D' Alembert's principle.

Define the coefficient of restitution.

e = relative velocity of separation/ relative velocity of approach

VA= 5i, VB=3j,

Relative velocity VA/B= VA-VB = 5i-3j

A block having mass of 50 kg has a velocity of 15 m/s horizontally on a

State law of conservation of momentum.

h = 0 + (1/2) (9.81) (42) = 78.48 m

A small ball is dropped from a height of 19.62 m. At what velocity the

using the equation V2=u2+2gh

A particle projected in space at an angle to the horizontal plane is

Projectile motion is the freely projected particle which moves under

A particle is projected into space at an angle of 30˚ to the horizontal at a

Maximum height reached by the projectile, h max=u2sin2α/2g

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