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Introduction To WAN Technologies: Dereje M. School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hawassa Institute of Technology

This document introduces several WAN technologies: ISDN allows transmission of both voice and data over the same network using circuit and packet switching. X.25 is an ITU standard that specifies the interface between a host system and a packet-switched network. Frame Relay reduces overhead by stripping out unnecessary error control. ATM provides even lower overhead than Frame Relay by using fixed-length cells and allows switching between audio, video, and data transmission.

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34 views10 pages

Introduction To WAN Technologies: Dereje M. School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hawassa Institute of Technology

This document introduces several WAN technologies: ISDN allows transmission of both voice and data over the same network using circuit and packet switching. X.25 is an ITU standard that specifies the interface between a host system and a packet-switched network. Frame Relay reduces overhead by stripping out unnecessary error control. ATM provides even lower overhead than Frame Relay by using fixed-length cells and allows switching between audio, video, and data transmission.

Uploaded by

migad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to WAN

Technologies

Dereje M.
[email protected]
School of Electrical & Computer Engineering,
Hawassa Institute of Technology
WAN Technologies
• Are high speed networks
– ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
– X.25
– Frame Relay
– ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)

Dec 2016 Intro. WAN Technologies 2


ISDN
• It provide two services (data and voice) in a single
network and hence; can transmits both voice and data
over the same medium. Therefore, it uses both circuit and
packet-switching
• Having all the services provided by one network will
make design, maintenance, etc., much more convenient
and easy compared to maintaining different types of
networks for providing individual services.
• ISDN uses the existing telephone networks and also can
use satellite links and packet-switched networks.

Dec 2016 Intro. WAN Technologies 3


X.25
• Circuit-switching network provides a transparent
communications path for attached devices that makes
it appear that the two communicating stations have a
direct link.
• However, in the case of packet-switching networks,
the attached stations must organize their data into
packets for transmission.
• This requires a certain level of cooperation between
the network and the attached stations.

Dec 2016 Intro. WAN Technologies 4


• This cooperation is embodied in an interface
standard.
• The standard used for packet-switching networks is
X.25.
• Therefore, X.25 is an ITU-T standard that specifies
an interface between a host system and a packet-
switching network.

Dec 2016 Intro. WAN Technologies 5


Frame Relay
• Frame Relay packet switching was developed at a time
when digital long distance transmission facilities
exhibited a relatively high error rate compared to
today’s facilities.
• As a result, there is a considerable amount of overhead
built into packet-switching schemes to compensate for
errors.
• The overhead includes additional bits added to each
packet to introduce redundancy and additional processing
at the end stations and the intermediate switching nodes
to detect and recover from errors.

Dec 2016 Intro. WAN Technologies 6


• With modern high-speed telecommunications
systems, this overhead is unnecessary and
counterproductive.
• The key to achieving these high data rates is to strip
out most of the overhead involved with error control.

Dec 2016 Intro. WAN Technologies 7


ATM
• Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), sometimes referred to
as cell relay, is a culmination of developments in circuit
switching and packet switching. ATM can be viewed as an
evolution from frame relay.
• ATM provides little overhead for error control, depending
on the inherent reliability of the transmission system and on
higher layers of logic in the end systems to catch and correct
errors.
• By using a fixed packet length, the processing overhead is
reduced even further for ATM compared to frame relay. As a
result, ATM is designed to work in higher data rates

Dec 2016 Intro. WAN Technologies 8


• One of the unique features of ATM is its ability to
switch the transmission between audio, video, and
data at various transmission speeds.
• The most obvious difference between frame relay and
ATM is that frame relay uses variable-length packets,
called frames, and ATM uses fixed-length packets,
called cells.

Dec 2016 Intro. WAN Technologies 9


Dec 2016 Intro. WAN Technologies 10

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