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Chapter 2 - Part 2: DC-DC Converter

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96 views15 pages

Chapter 2 - Part 2: DC-DC Converter

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Weehao Siow
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Chapter 2 – Part 2

DC-DC
CONVERTER

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
DC-DC CONVERTERS
(Asynchronous lecture)
 Discontinuous current for:
 Buck (Step-Down) Converter (16 minutes)
 Boost (Step-Up) Converter (10 minutes)
 Buck-Boost Converter (8 minutes)

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Figure 8.1
DISCONTINUOUS-CURRENT OPERATION
THE BUCK (STEP-DOWN) CONVERTER

• Recall that continuous current


means that the current in the
inductor remains positive for
the entire switching period.

• Continuous current is not a


necessary condition for a
converter to operate, but a
different analysis is required for
the discontinuous-current case.

Figure 6-20 Buck converter discontinuous current.


(a) Inductor current; (b) Source current; (c) Inductor voltage.
Figure 8.1
DISCONTINUOUS-CURRENT OPERATION
THE BUCK (STEP-DOWN) CONVERTER

The relationship between output and input voltages is determined by first recognizing that
the average inductor voltage is zero for periodic operation. From the inductor voltage shown
in Fig. 6-20c,:

which is rearranged to get:

Next, the average inductor current equals the average resistor current because the average
capacitor current is zero. With the output voltage assumed constant:
Figure 8.1
DISCONTINUOUS-CURRENT OPERATION
THE BUCK (STEP-DOWN) CONVERTER

Computing the average inductor current from Fig. 6-20a,:

i L
which results in:

Since the current starts at zero, the maximum current is the same as the change in current
over the time that the switch is closed. With the switch closed, the voltage across the
inductor is:

which results in:


Figure 8.1
DISCONTINUOUS-CURRENT OPERATION
THE BUCK (STEP-DOWN) CONVERTER
Solving for Imax and using Eq. (6-89) for (Vs - Vo)D:

Substituting for Imax in Eq. (6-91):

which gives:
i L

Solving for D1:

Substituting for D1 in Eq. (6-90):


Example 6.9

For the buck converter of Fig. 6-3a,

Vs = 24 V
L = 200 uH
R = 20 
C = 1000 uF
f = 10 kHz switching frequency
D = 0.4

•Show that the inductor current is discontinuous


•Determine the output voltage Vo.
Figure 8.1
DISCONTINUOUS-CURRENT OPERATION
BOOST (STEP UP) CONVERTER

The relationship between output and


input voltages is determined from two
relationships:

1.The average inductor voltage is zero.

2.The average current in the diode is


the same as the load current.

Figure 6-22 Discontinuous current in the boost converter.


(a) Inductor current; (b) Inductor voltage; (c) Diode current.
Figure 8.1
DISCONTINUOUS-CURRENT OPERATION
BOOST (STEP UP) CONVERTER

The average voltage across the inductor is:

which results in:

The average diode current (Fig. 6-22c) is:

Current Imax is the same as the change in inductor current when the switch is closed:

Substituting for Imax in Eq. (6-98) and setting the result equal to the load current:
Figure 8.1
DISCONTINUOUS-CURRENT OPERATION
BOOST (STEP UP) CONVERTER

Solving for D1:

Substituting the preceding expression for D1 into Eq. (6-97) results in the quadratic equation:

Solving for Vo/Vs:

The boundary between continuous and discontinuous current occurs when D1 = 1 - D.


Another condition at the boundary is when Imin in Eq. (6-30) is zero.
Example 6.10

The boost converter of Fig. 6-8a has parameters

Vs = 20 V
D = 0.6
L = 100u H
R = 50 
C = 100u F
f =15 kHz

•Verify that the inductor current is discontinuous


•determine the output voltage
•determine the maximum inductor current.
Figure 8.1
SUMMARY

 A switched-mode dc-dc converter is much more efficient than a


linear converter because of reduced losses in the electronic switch.

 A buck converter has an output voltage less than the input.

 A boost converter has an output voltage greater than the input.

 Buck-boost converter can have output voltages greater than or less


than the input, but there is a polarity reversal.

 Discontinuous-current modes for dc-dc converters are possible and


sometimes desirable, but input-output relationships are different
from those for the continuous-current modes.
Problem 6.40 (TEXT BOOK page 264) QUIZ 7

The boost converter of Example 6.4 (in Part 1) was designed for a 50 Ω load.

(a)What is the limitation on the load resistance for continuous-current operation?

(b)What would be the range of output voltage for a load resistance range of 25 to 100Ω?

(a)Redesign the converter so inductor current remains continuous for a load resistance
range of 25 to 100Ω?

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