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High-Level Data Link Control: (HDLC)

High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a bit-oriented protocol that ensures error-free transmission of data to proper destinations while controlling transmission speed. HDLC can provide both connection-oriented and connectionless services using Normal Response Mode or Asynchronous Balanced Mode. HDLC uses flags to mark frame boundaries, addresses for the receiver, control fields for flow/error control, payload for network layer data, and a frame check sequence for error detection. Frames can be information, supervisory, or unnumbered frames for different purposes like data transfer, acknowledgment, or link initialization/disconnection respectively.

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37 views8 pages

High-Level Data Link Control: (HDLC)

High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a bit-oriented protocol that ensures error-free transmission of data to proper destinations while controlling transmission speed. HDLC can provide both connection-oriented and connectionless services using Normal Response Mode or Asynchronous Balanced Mode. HDLC uses flags to mark frame boundaries, addresses for the receiver, control fields for flow/error control, payload for network layer data, and a frame check sequence for error detection. Frames can be information, supervisory, or unnumbered frames for different purposes like data transfer, acknowledgment, or link initialization/disconnection respectively.

Uploaded by

Scaria Alex
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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High-level Data Link

Control
(HDLC)
High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)
• bit-oriented protocol.
• ensures the error-free transmission of data to the proper destinations
• controls the data transmission speed
• HDLCs can provide both connection-oriented and connectionless
services.
HDLC - Transfer
Normal Response Mode (NRM)
Modes

Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM)


used for only point - to - point
communications.
HDLC Frame
Flag − It is an 8-bit
sequence that marks the
beginning and the end of
the frame.

Address − It contains
the address of the
receiver.

Control − It contains flow and error Payload/Information − Frame Check Sequence (FCS) – It is used
control information. This carries the data from for identification of errors.
• The interpretation of bits in this the network layer. Algorithm used: Cyclic Redundancy Check
field depends on the frame type.
Types of HDLC Frames
Information Frames (I Frame)
• are used for the data transfer
between stations.
• The send sequence, or next send
N(S), and the receive sequence, or
next receive N(R), hold the frame
sequence numbers.
• The Poll/Final bit is called Poll
when used by the primary station
to obtain a response from a
secondary station, and Final when
used by the secondary station to
indicate a response or the end of
transmission.
Types of HDLC Frames
S-frames or Supervisory frames
• are used to acknowledge frames,
request for retransmissions or to
ask for suspension of transmission.
• The last 3 bits, called N(R),
corresponds to the
acknowledgment number (ACK) or
negative acknowledgment number
(NAK) depending on the type of S-
frame.
• The 2 bits called Supervisory code
is used to define the type of S-
frame:
Types of HDLC Frames - S-frames or Supervisory
frames
Code Type of S Frame
00 Receive ready (RR):
acknowledges the receipt of a frame or group of frames.
The value N(R) field defines the acknowledgment number.
10 Receive not ready (RNR):
It acknowledges the receipt of a frame or group of frames, and it announces
that the receiver is busy and cannot receive more frames.
It acts as a kind of congestion control mechanism by asking the sender to
slow down.
The value of N(R)is the acknowledgment number.
01 Reject (REJ):
This is a NAK frame and informs the last frame is lost.
used in Go-Back-N ARQ
The value of N(R) is the negative acknowledgment number.
11 Selective reject (SREJ):
This is a NAK frame used in Selective Repeat ARQ.
The value of N(R) is the negative acknowledgment number.
Types of HDLC Frames

U-frames or Un-numbered frames


• are used for link initialization or link
disconnection.
• The 2 code bits before P/F bit and 3 bit after
P/F bit create upto 32 different types of U-
frame.
• Set Normal Response Mode (SNRM)
• Set Asynchronous Response Mode (SARM)
• Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode (SABM)
• Unnumbered Polling (UP)
• Unnumbered Acknowledge (UA), etc.

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