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Introduction To Linux: Nand Kishore Singh Roll No. RD1001A14 B.Tech - M.tech (CSE)

Linux was first created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds when he was dissatisfied with existing operating systems. He used the existing Minix operating system as a model to develop a free and open-source Unix-like operating system. Linux is a fully networked, multi-user, multitasking operating system that runs on multiple hardware platforms and includes many open-source tools. There are several popular Linux distributions including Red Hat, Debian, Ubuntu, and SUSE that package the Linux kernel with applications and utilities.

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74 views15 pages

Introduction To Linux: Nand Kishore Singh Roll No. RD1001A14 B.Tech - M.tech (CSE)

Linux was first created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds when he was dissatisfied with existing operating systems. He used the existing Minix operating system as a model to develop a free and open-source Unix-like operating system. Linux is a fully networked, multi-user, multitasking operating system that runs on multiple hardware platforms and includes many open-source tools. There are several popular Linux distributions including Red Hat, Debian, Ubuntu, and SUSE that package the Linux kernel with applications and utilities.

Uploaded by

nandkishore_singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO LINUX

Nand Kishore Singh


Roll No. RD1001A14
B.Tech -M.tech (CSE)
LINUX HISTORY
The Linux operating system (OS) was first
coded by a Finnish computer programmer
Linus Benedict Torvalds in 1991, when he
was just 21! He had got a new 386, and
he found the existing DOS and UNIX too
expensive and inadequate.

In those days, a UNIX-like tiny, free OS called Minix was


extensively used for academic purposes. Since its source code was
available, Linus decided to take Minix as a model.
It All Started With….
Multics : Written in 1964, timesharing OS, uses monolithic
kernel.
Unics : Written in 1969, later renamed as UNIX, multitasking,
multi user, and timesharing, monolithic kernel.
Minix : Tanenbaum developed this OS in 1990, mainly for
educational purpose, Unix like OS, implemented with Micro
kernel, so the name Minix.

Then came LINUX ………..


WHAT IS LINUX ?
 A fully-networked 32/64-Bit Unix like Operating System.
a) Unix tools like sed, awk, and grep
b) Compilers like C, C++, Fortran, Smalltalk, Ada
c) Network tools like telnet, ftp, ping, traceroute

 Has the X Windows GUI


 Multi-user, Multitasking, Multiprocessor
 Coexists with other Operating Systems
 Runs on multiple platforms
 Includes the Source Code
Linux advantages in Kernel and the
OS environment
 Linux requires 386 architecture to run. Thus, it is compatible
with any improved architecture such as 486, Pentium, Pentium
Pro, etc
 There are drivers available for many types of hardware
devices
 Linux program installation seems to be easier since it only
requires a restart when hardware devices have been changed
 Linux supports multiple copies of the Kernel on the system
such that if an error is encountered and the Kernel becomes
corrupted, a different copy of the Kernel used to boot up the
system
Security
 Linux seems to be more prepared for protecting itself
because of the beginning developments of Linux, Unix,
and FreeBSD which were aimed at top notch security
 Linux does not allow to browse registry keys in a way
Windows does allowing a user to browse installed
components’ registry keys which contain important
informations
 Linux is more virus proof since viruses-malicious programs
either cannot be run automatically on the Linux machine,
or simply are not capable of being executed on a 386
architecture
Reliability
 OS must not crash, even under extreme loads. It should
process requests even if the operating system or hardware
fails
 Windows seems to be less stable even though the latest
versions of Windows are far more improved than the
incredibly buggy Windows 95
LINUX VS WINDOWS
 Financial Differences
COST

LINUX WINDOWS
Online Downloads Free Not Available
Linux is free
Retail Price, CD of cost$50
(licensed under
$300GPL)
 Technical Differences

. Keeping up to date by upgrading.


Linux upgrades faster than Windows
LINUX vs WINDOWS contd…..
 Compatibility

Linux is Backward Compatible unlike Windows.

Features Provided
Both support Dynamic Caching
Both have Multi-user Support

Application Differences

No commercial word processor for Linux, which matches


the quality for Windows
Linux vs Windows contd…..
End-User Differences
Windows is a Proprietary Technology
Applications will only work on Windows
Linux – Open Source
Windows word processor is better than Linux
NT – easy for non-programmer
Linux – programmer-based culture
Linux – tougher environment
Linux requires learning multi-user issues built into Unix-file
permissions
LINUX DISTROS
 Each distro is a package including the OS and
different applications
 Different distros provide different applications and
require different installation steps
 The package includes:
Core Linux OS (also called Kernel)
X Window System and GUI interfaces
Graphical desktop (e.g., GNOME or KDE)
Different applications:
Corel, KOffice, TeX, Word Processor,
Spreadsheet, etc.
Linux Distro contd….
 Each distro is under GPL
Anyone can copy and distribute the software in open source
form to others.
 Obtaining a distro can be through ready made packages over
the net or buying the CD or just compiling a version
Linux Distributions
Redhat
Fedora
Debian
Novell’s SUSE Linux
Ubuntu
Mandrake
Live CDs – Knoppix
and more
Conclusion
“When is it best to use Linux and when
should some other operating system be
preferred?”

 It all depends on the USER.

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