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Network

A network is defined as a set of devices connected to each other using a physical transmission medium. A computer network allows computers to communicate and share resources. Nodes connect two or more networks, and a node is a point where two or more computers connect directly. There are several common network topologies including star, ring, mesh, bus, and tree topologies that define how devices connect to each other on the network. The OSI reference model defines the seven layers of network communication including the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers.

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134 views11 pages

Network

A network is defined as a set of devices connected to each other using a physical transmission medium. A computer network allows computers to communicate and share resources. Nodes connect two or more networks, and a node is a point where two or more computers connect directly. There are several common network topologies including star, ring, mesh, bus, and tree topologies that define how devices connect to each other on the network. The OSI reference model defines the seven layers of network communication including the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers.

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NAGMA SULTANA
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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What is Network ?

Network is defined as a set of devices


connected to each other using a
physical transmission medium.

A computer network is a group of


computers connected with each other
to communicate and share
information and resources like
hardware, data, and software

In a network, nodes are used to


connect two or more networks.
What is node and links
A node is a point where a connection is
established where two or more
computers are connected directly by an
optical fiber or any other cable

It is a network component that is used to


send, receive and forward the electronic
information
Network topology and its
types

Network topology is a physical layout of


the computer network and it defines
how the computers, devices, cables, etc.
are connected to each other
Star Topology

In Star Topology, there is a central


controller or hub to which every node or
device is connected through a cable. In
this topology, the devices are not linked
to each other.
If a device needs to communicate with
the other, then it has to send the signal
or data to the central hub. And then the
hub sends the same data to the
destination device.
Ring Topology

In Ring Topology, each device of the


network is connected to two other
devices on either side which in turn
forms a loop. Data or Signal in ring
topology flow only in a single direction
from one device to another and reaches
the destination node
Mesh Topology
In a Mesh Topology, each device of the
network is connected to all other devices
of the network.
Mesh Topology uses Routing and
Flooding techniques for data
transmission.

• each device consists of (n-1)


connection
• total link can be measured by
formulae n(n-1)/2.
Bus Topology

In Bus Topology, all the devices of the


network are connected to a common
cable (also called as the backbone).
As the devices are connected to a single
cable, it is also termed as Linear Bus
Topology.
Tree Topology

Tree topology imitates as extended Star


topology and inherits properties of bus
topology.
This topology divides the network in to
multiple levels/layers of network.
The lowermost is access-layer where
computers are attached.
The middle layer is known as distribution
layer, which works as mediator between
upper layer and lower layer.
The highest layer is known as core layer, and
is central point of the network, i.e. root of the
tree from which all nodes fork.
OSI reference model
Open System Interconnection,
reference model , defines how
applications can communicate with each
other over a networking system.
It also helps to understand the
relationship between networks and
defines the process of communication in
a network.
This reference model , describes how
information from a software application
in one computer moves through a
physical medium to the software
application in another computer.
layer....

Physical Layer (Layer 1): It converts data bits into electrical impulses or radio signals.

Data Link Layer (Layer 2): At the Data Link layer, data packets are encoded and decoded into bits and it provides
a node to node data transfer. This layer also detects the errors that occurred at Layer 1.

Network Layer (Layer 3): This layer transfers variable length data sequence from one node to another node in the
same network. This variable-length data sequence is also known as “Datagrams”.

Transport Layer (Layer 4): It transfers data between nodes and also provides acknowledgment of successful data
transmission. It keeps track of transmission and sends the segments again if the transmission fails.
layers.....

• Session Layer (Layer 5): This layer manages and controls the connections between computers. It establishes,
coordinates, exchange and terminates the connections between local and remote applications.

• Presentation Layer (Layer 6): It is also called as “Syntax Layer”. Layer 6 transforms the data into the form in
which the application layer accepts

• Application Layer (Layer 7): This is the last layer of the OSI Reference Model and is the one that is close
to the end-user. Both end-user and application layer interacts with the software application. This layer provides
services for email, file transfer, etc.

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