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Introduction To Simulation and Modelling

Simulation involves generating an artificial history of a system over time to analyze its characteristics. A model is a mathematical approximation of a system that helps understand its workings. Simulation allows experimenting with new designs, policies, or changes without disrupting real operations. It has various applications in manufacturing, military, transportation, healthcare and more. A system consists of entities, attributes, activities and events. Models can represent systems statically at a point in time or dynamically over time, and can be deterministic or stochastic in nature.

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39 views15 pages

Introduction To Simulation and Modelling

Simulation involves generating an artificial history of a system over time to analyze its characteristics. A model is a mathematical approximation of a system that helps understand its workings. Simulation allows experimenting with new designs, policies, or changes without disrupting real operations. It has various applications in manufacturing, military, transportation, healthcare and more. A system consists of entities, attributes, activities and events. Models can represent systems statically at a point in time or dynamically over time, and can be deterministic or stochastic in nature.

Uploaded by

vicky_kumar87
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO SIMULATION

AND MODELLING
DEFINATION of SIMULATION

.The imitation of the operation of a real-world


process over time is called SIMULATION.
. It involves the generation of an artificial history of a
system and the observation that of artificial history
to draw inferences concerning the operating
characteristics of the real system.
. The object of the simulated process is called the
SYSTEM.
. The behavior of the evolved system is studied by
developing a simulation Model.
 A model is a mathematical and logical
approximation as well as assumption of a system
that helps in thorough understanding of the
system workings.
 For example :- A manufacturing company wants
to extend its plant.
 Scenario-1 :- First build the new extension and
see if it works. Obviously it is time consuming
and risk oriented and also quite an expensive
process.
 Scenario-2 :- Simulate the current and expanded
operation using a computer. This helps in quick
and cheaper investigation of the system.
OBJECTIVES OF SIMULATION
 It enables the study of and experimentation with
the internal interactions of a complex system or
of a subsystem within a complex system.
 Informational, organizational and environmental
changes can be simulated.
 It can be used to experiment with new designs or
policies before implementation so as to prepare
for what might happen.
 Used to verify Analytic solution.
 Simulating different capabilities for a machine
can help to determine the requirements on it.
 Animation shows a system in simulated
operation so that the plan can be visualized.
 Used for training in the job instruction.
 Used as a pedagogical device to reinforce
analytic solution method.
ADVANTAGES OF SIMULATION
 New policies, operating procedures ,decision rules,
information flows, organizational procedures etc.
can be explored without disrupting the ongoing
operation s of the real system.
 New hardware designs, physical layouts,
transportation systems etc. can be tested without
committing resources for their acquisition.
 Time can be compressed or expanded to allow for a
speed-up/slow-down of the phenomena under
investigation.
 Bottleneck analysis can be performed to discover
where work in process, info., materials etc. can be
delayed excessively.
DISADVANTAGES OF SIMULATION
 Simulation results can be difficult to
interpret :- It yields random variables.
 Its analysis is a time consuming and
expensive issue.
 Model building requires special training.
APPLICATION AREAS OF SIMULATION
 Manufacturing Application
1.Dynamic modeling of continuous manufacturing systems.
2.Paint line color change reduction in automobile assembly.
3.Modeling for quality and productivity in steel cord
manufacturing.
 Military Application
1.Supporting military-based framework in 3D environments.
2. R&D for modelling and simulation of military in urban areas.
 Semi-conductor Manufacturing
1. Making next-generation optimal design decisions.
2. Application of cluster tool modeling in wafer fabrication
factory.


 Construction Engineering & Project Mgt.
1.Building a virtual shop model for steel fabrication.
2. Simulation for drainage operations maintenance crews.
 Logistics , Supply chain and distribution Application
1.Analysis of international departure passenger flows in an airport
terminal.
2.Application of discrete simulation techniques to liquid natural gas
supply chain.
 Transportation Modes and Traffic
1. Simulating aircraft-delay absorption.
2. Modeling ship arrivals in ports.
3. Runway schedule determination by simulation optimization.
 Business Process Simulation
1. Modeling & Simulation of a telephone call-center.
2.Baggage screening at airport.
 Health care.
1. . Modeling front-office and patient-care in ambulatory health care.
2. Estimating maximum capacity in emergency room.
SYSTEMS AND SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT

DEFINATION OF SYSTEM :- A system is defined as a


group of objects that are joined together in some
regular interaction/interdependence towards the
accomplishment of some purpose.
For ex:- Manufacturing of an automobile vehicle consists
of assembling of various parts like engine,gear,brake
etc.
COMPONENTS OF A SYSTEM
The various components of a system are :-
1. Entity :- It is an object of interest in the system.
2. Attribute :- Property of an entity.
3. Activity :- It represents a time period of special length.
4. Event :- It is an instantaneous occurrence that might change the
state of the system.
There are 2 types of events :-
1.Endogenous :- Describes activities and events occurring within
a system. For ex. :- completion of service of a customer in a banking
system.

2. Exogenous :- Describes activities and events in the environment


that affect the system. For ex. :- Arrival of a customer in a bank.
Example of SYSTEM and COMPONENTS
SYSTEM :- BANKING SYSTEM
ENTITIES :- Customers
ATTRIBUTES :- Checking account balance
ACTIVITIES :- Making deposits /Any banking transactions.
EVENTS :- Arrival , departure.
STATE VARIABLES :- No. of customers waiting etc.

ASSIGNMENT – I :-Analyze the various systems and its relevant


components.
(a) Airways System
(b) Automobile Manufacturing System
(c) Tele-Communication System
(d) Inventory Mgt. System
(e) University Registration System
(f) Insurance System
(g) Library Maintenance System
(h) Online Shopping System
(i) Aluminum manufacturing plant.
(j) ATM System.
TYPES OF SYSTEM
There are 2 types of System :-
1. Discrete system :- Here state variables changes at
discrete set of points in time. For ex. No. of customers
in bank , changes only when a customer arrives/departs.
2. Continuous System :- Here state variables changes
continuously over time. For ex. The head of water
behind a dam . Since the level of water increases during
rainy season and decreases due to evaporation during
sunny days.
MODEL OF SYSTEM AND ITS TYPES
A model is defined as a representation of a system for the
purpose of studying the system.
There are 2 types of Models
1. Static :- Represents system at a particular point in time.
and Dynamic :- Represents system as they change over
time.
2. Deterministic :- It contains no random variables.
and Stochastic:-It contains one/more random variables.

3. Discrete and Continuous

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