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Chapter 10 - Introduction To Algebra (Report)

The document discusses sequences and number sentences. It defines a sequence as a list of numbers with a connecting rule. Examples of sequences include 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, etc. and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, etc. It explains finding patterns in sequences to determine later terms. The document also defines number sentences as statements with numbers and operation symbols that can be equations or inequalities. It provides examples of number sentences and discusses the components of expressions and equations.

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Judilyn Barba
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1K views20 pages

Chapter 10 - Introduction To Algebra (Report)

The document discusses sequences and number sentences. It defines a sequence as a list of numbers with a connecting rule. Examples of sequences include 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, etc. and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, etc. It explains finding patterns in sequences to determine later terms. The document also defines number sentences as statements with numbers and operation symbols that can be equations or inequalities. It provides examples of number sentences and discusses the components of expressions and equations.

Uploaded by

Judilyn Barba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 10

INTRODUCTION TO ALGEBRA
Sequence
A sequence is a list of numbers. There is usually
 

some rule that connects these numbers. The


numbers are sometimes called terms. 

Examples of sequences:
 1,4,9,16,25,36.........
 0,2,4,6,8,10........
Try this….
 Find the 10th term of this sequence 2, 5, 8,….

 Start by determining the pattern


• Adding 3 to the previous number
• Known as a common difference

 Continue the pattern to get the 10th term


• 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29,…..
• So, the 10th term is 29
Try this….
 Write the first terms of an = 4n + 9
a = 13
1

a = 17
2

a = 21
3

a = 25
4

a = 29
5

a = 33
6

a = 37
7
2 Types of Sequences
 Arithmetic
 Geometric
o Common Ratio
o Common Difference

Examples:
Examples:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,…..
2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,…..
1, 11, 21, 31, 41,…..
3, 9, 27, 81, 243,……
3, 0, -3, -6, -9,…….
½, ¼, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32,…..
Arithmetic Rule
an = a 1 + ( n – 1 ) d

a1 --- is the first term in the sequence


n --- is the number of the term you are trying to determine
d --- is the common difference
an --- is the value of the term that are looking for
Try this……
Use the arithmetic formula to determine the 100 th term of the
following sequence:
75, 25, -25, -75, -125,…..
 a1 = 75
 n = 100
 d = -50
an = a1 + ( n – 1 ) d
an = 75 + ( 100 – 1 ) (-50)
= -4875
Geometric Rule
(n-1)
an = a 1 * r

a1 --- is the first term in the sequence


n --- is the number of the term you are trying to determine
r --- is the common ratio between terms
an --- is the value of the term that are looking for
Try this……
Use the geometric rule to determine the 10 th term of the following
sequence:
4, 20, 100, 500
 a1 = 4
 n = 10
 d = 20/4 = 5
(n-1)
an = a1 * r
(10-1)
an = 4 * 5
= 7812500
Number
Sentences
What is a number sentence?

A number Sentence represents an equation that
includes numbers and operation symbols like addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division.

 A number sentence can also be represented by using


inequality symbols like <, >.
NUMBER SENTENCE
1. Relation symbol ( =, ≠, <, >, ≤, ≥ )

2. Equation A number sentence that contains an equal sign


(=)

3. Inequality A number sentence that contains any other


relation symbol

( ≠, <, >, ≤, ≥ )
Continued…..
 Operation Symbols –
 +, -, x, ÷, or /

A number sentence may contain one or


more operation symbols.
Expression
and
equation
Expression:
An
 expression consists of a combination of numbers, operation
symbols, and grouping symbols such as parentheses ( ). 

General little statements that DO NOT have an equals sign!


Example:

3+4
6–2
(6 + 3) -1
Seven less than half a number squared 
Twice the difference of a number and five
Equation
 An Equation is a complete sentence that is either true or false
 Any statement that DOES have an equals sign (or equivalent):

Example:

4n + 7 = 11
½b–2=3
Twice a number increased by four is ten
The difference of a number and two is five
 Writing verbal expressions and equations from
algebraic forms
 Writing algebraic expressions and equations
from verbal forms
Or maybe
It means you will take an
If you are given the verbal sentence, you will
expression like 3x – 5, write it as an algebra equation or expression:
and write it as:
“ half of a number increased by three is twelve”
“the difference of three times a would be written as :
number and five”
½ x + 3 = 12 
“ five less than three times a
number” 
Reading and Writing Algebraic Expressions

+ - x ¸
more than less than product quotient
increased by decreased by

Words for powers of numbers, like “squared” or “cubed”


Words for where the equals sign goes,
like ‘is” or “is equal to” or “is the same as” 
Example:
 try to figure out what operation (+,-,x,/) to use for the
following:
4 increased by a number Add

25 less than a number


Subtract

The phrase “a number” or


“some number” means that a
variable is needed.
Example:
4 increased by a number 25 less than a number

4+c n – 25

* it does not matter what letter * just because we see 25


you use, just as long as you first in the word phrase,
include a variable. doesn’t mean that 25 is
written first in the
expression.

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