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Operations Management: Quality Control

The document discusses quality control processes including: 1) The phases of quality assurance from inspection before/after production to quality being built into the process. 2) Using statistical process control methods like control charts to monitor process output and identify sources of variation. Control charts plot sample statistics over time and set control limits. 3) Different types of control charts for attributes (p-charts and c-charts) and variables data and their appropriate uses depending on whether data is counted or measured. 4) Process capability looks at process variability relative to engineering tolerances and specifications and ways to improve capability like simplifying, standardizing, and upgrading equipment.

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412 views18 pages

Operations Management: Quality Control

The document discusses quality control processes including: 1) The phases of quality assurance from inspection before/after production to quality being built into the process. 2) Using statistical process control methods like control charts to monitor process output and identify sources of variation. Control charts plot sample statistics over time and set control limits. 3) Different types of control charts for attributes (p-charts and c-charts) and variables data and their appropriate uses depending on whether data is counted or measured. 4) Process capability looks at process variability relative to engineering tolerances and specifications and ways to improve capability like simplifying, standardizing, and upgrading equipment.

Uploaded by

yasminafzaal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

Quality control

YASMIN AFZAAL
CHAPTER
10

Quality Control
10-3 Quality Control

Phases of Quality Assurance


Figure 10.1

Inspection and
Inspection corrective Quality built
before/after action during into the
production production process

Acceptance Process Continuous


sampling control improvement

The least The most


progressive progressive
10-4 Quality Control

Inspection
Figure 10.2
 How Much/How Often
 Where/When
 Centralized vs. On-site

Inputs Transformation Outputs

Acceptance Process Acceptance


sampling control sampling
10-5 Quality Control

Inspection Costs????
10-6 Quality Control

Where to Inspect in the Process


 Raw materials and purchased parts
 Finished products
 Before a costly operation
 Before an irreversible process
 Before a converting process
10-7 Quality Control

Examples of Inspection Points


Table 10.1
Type of Inspection Characteristics
business points
Fast Food Cashier Accuracy
Counter area Appearance, productivity
Eating area Cleanliness
Building Appearance
Kitchen Health regulations
Hotel/motel Parking lot Safe, well lighted
Accounting Accuracy, timeliness
Building Appearance, safety
Main desk Waiting times
Supermarket Cashiers Accuracy, courtesy
Deliveries Quality, quantity
10-8 Quality Control

 Statistical Process Control:


Statistical evaluation of the output of a process
during production
 Quality of Conformance:
A product or service conforms to specifications
10-9 Quality Control

Control Chart
 Control Chart
 Purpose: to monitor process output to see if it is
random
 A time ordered plot representative sample statistics
obtained from an on going process (e.g. sample
means)
 Upper and lower control limits define the range of
acceptable variation
10-10 Quality Control

Control Chart
Figure 10.4

Abnormal variation Out of


due to assignable sources control
UCL

Mean
Normal variation
due to chance
LCL
Abnormal variation
due to assignable sources

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Sample number
10-11 Quality Control

Statistical Process Control


 The Control Process
 Define
 Measure
 Compare
 Evaluate
 Correct
 Monitor results
10-12 Quality Control

Statistical Process Control


 Variations and Control
 Random variation: Natural variations in the output of
a process, created by countless minor factors
 Assignable variation: A variation whose source can
be identified
10-13 Quality Control

Control Chart for Attributes


 p-Chart - Control chart used to monitor the
proportion of defectives in a process
 c-Chart - Control chart used to monitor the
number of defects per unit

Attributes generate data that are counted.


10-14 Quality Control

Use of p-Charts
Table 10.3
 When observations can be placed into two
categories.
 Good or bad
 Pass or fail
 Operate or don’t operate
 When the data consists of multiple samples of
several observations each
10-15 Quality Control

Use of c-Charts
Table 10.3
 Use only when the number of occurrences per unit
of measure can be counted; non-occurrences
cannot be counted.
 Scratches, chips, dents, or errors per item
 Cracks or faults per unit of distance
 Breaks or Tears per unit of area
 Bacteria or pollutants per unit of volume
 Calls, complaints, failures per unit of time
10-16 Quality Control

Use of Control Charts


 At what point in the process to use control charts
 What size samples to take
 What type of control chart to use
 Variables
 Attributes
10-17 Quality Control

Process Capability
 Tolerances or specifications
 Range of acceptable values established by
engineering design or customer requirements
 Process variability
 Natural variability in a process
 Process capability
 Process variability relative to specification
10-18 Quality Control

Improving Process Capability


 Simplify
 Standardize
 Mistake-proof
 Upgrade equipment
 Automate

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