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Laminar ND Tabular Flow

This document discusses laminar and turbulent fluid flow. Laminar flow occurs in parallel layers with little mixing, while turbulent flow involves irregular fluctuations and considerable mixing. Characteristics of laminar flow include observable particle paths and low velocities, whereas turbulent flow involves rotation, chaos, dissipation, and diffusion. Examples given are laminar lava flows and turbulent wind or river flows. Factors like viscosity, temperature, density, and slope can determine whether flow is laminar or turbulent.

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Hina Iqbal
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141 views25 pages

Laminar ND Tabular Flow

This document discusses laminar and turbulent fluid flow. Laminar flow occurs in parallel layers with little mixing, while turbulent flow involves irregular fluctuations and considerable mixing. Characteristics of laminar flow include observable particle paths and low velocities, whereas turbulent flow involves rotation, chaos, dissipation, and diffusion. Examples given are laminar lava flows and turbulent wind or river flows. Factors like viscosity, temperature, density, and slope can determine whether flow is laminar or turbulent.

Uploaded by

Hina Iqbal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Laminar and Turbulent Flow


Outline

 Flow Regimes
 Laminar Flow
 Turbulent Flow
 Characteristics
 Examples
 Transitional Flow
 Factors affecting laminar and turbulent flow
Words to know

 Compressibility
 Laminar
 Turbulent
 Viscosity
 Density
 Vorticity

Compressibility: the property that
allows a fluid to be compressed into
smaller volume.
Laminar: A mode of flow in which the
fluid moves in layers along continuous
well defined lines known as streamlines.

Turbulent: An irregular, disorder mode of
flow.
Viscosity: The internal friction within a
fluid that makes it resist flow.

Density: The degree of compactness of
a substance.
Vorticity: A measure of the circulation
of a fluid.
Flow Regimes

 All fluid flow is classified into one of two broad
categories or regimes. These two flow regimes are:
 Laminar Flow
 Turbulent Flow
Laminar Flow

 laminar flow occurs when a fluid flows in parallel
layers, with no disruption between the layers.
 Where the fluid moves slowly in layers, without
much mixing among the layers.
 Typically occurs when the velocity is low or the fluid
is very viscous.
 In laminar flow, sometimes called streamline flow,
the velocity, pressure, and other flow properties at
each point in the fluid remain constant.
Characteristics

 Layers  of  water  flowing  over  one  another  at
different speed with virtually no mixing between
layers.
 Fluid  particles  move  in  definite  and observable
paths.
 The flow channel is relatively small.
 The fluid is moving slowly and its viscosity is
relatively high.
Turbulent Flow

 Turbulent flow,  type of fluid (gas or liquid) flow in
which the fluid undergoes irregular fluctuations, or
mixing, in contrast to laminar flow.
 Opposite of laminar, where considerable mixing
occurs, velocities are high.
 In turbulent flow the speed of the fluid at a point is
continuously undergoing changes in both magnitude
and direction.
Characteristics

 Rotation and vorticity
 Chaotic
 Dissipative
 Diffusive
Rotation and vorticity

 Turbulent flows are rotational; that is, they have non-
zero vorticity. Mechanisms such as the stretching of
three-dimensional vortices play a key role in
turbulence.
Chaotic

 One characteristic of turbulent flows is their
irregularity or randomness. A full deterministic
approach is very difficult. Turbulent flows are
usually described statistically. Turbulent flows are
always chaotic. But not all chaotic flows are
turbulent.
Dissipative

 Turbulent flows are dissipative. Kinetic energy gets
converted into heat due to viscous shear stresses.
Turbulent flows die out quickly when no energy is
supplied. Random motions that have insignificant
viscous losses, such as random sound waves, are not
turbulent
Diffusive

 The diffusivity of turbulence causes rapid mixing
and increased rates of momentum, heat, and mass
transfer. A flow that looks random but does not
exhibit the spreading of velocity fluctuations through
the surrounding fluid is not turbulent. If a flow is
chaotic, but not diffusive, it is not turbulent.
Examples

 The flow of wind is turbulent
 The flow of rivers is generally turbulent 
 Lava flow is laminar
 Flow of stream is generally laminar
Difference between
Laminar and
 Turbulent
Transitional Flow

  "Transitional flow" can refer to transition in either
direction, that is
 Laminar-turbulent transitional
 Turbulent-laminar transitional flow
Laminar - Turbulent Transition

 The process of a laminar flow becoming turbulent is
known as laminar-turbulent transition.
Factors affecting laminar
and turbulent flow

 Viscosity
 Temperature
 Density
 Slope

Viscosity: If viscosity is high the flow
is laminar. If viscosity is low then the
flow is turbulent.
Temperature: If temperature is high
then the flow is turbulent. If temperature
is low then the flow is laminar.

Density: If Fluid is more denser then
the flow is laminar. If the fluid is less
denser then the flow is turbulent.
Slope: If the slope is gentle then the
flow is laminar. If the slope is steeper
then the flow is turbulent.
References

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar_flow
 http://udel.edu/~inamdar/EGTE215/Laminar_tur
bulent.pdf
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynolds_number
 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/3287
42/laminar-flow
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar-
turbulent_transition

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